常用石拱桥加固技术综述

根据目前大多数老石拱桥承载力普遍不足的现状,阐述了桥梁旧桥加固的迫切性,介绍了几种常见的石拱桥加固技术,详细指出了各自的优点,以恢复和提高旧桥的承载能力及通行能力,延长了其使用年限。     

受机械力作用金属／陶瓷功能梯度板的非线性振动模型

研究机械力作用下金属，陶瓷功能梯度薄板的建模问题。应用弹性理论和Galerkin方法建立小挠度金属，陶瓷功能梯度薄板受横向机械力作用的非线性振动方程。     

Evaluation of R-curve behavior of ceramic-metal functionally graded materials by stable crack growth

This paper deals with the fracture toughness and R-curve behavior of ceramic-metal functionally graded materials (FGMs). A possibility of stable crack growth in a three-point-bending specimen is examined based on the driving force and resistance for crack growth in FGMs, and the distribution of fracture toughness or R-curve behavior is evaluated on FGMs fabricated by powder metallurgy using partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) and stainless steel (SUS 304). The materials have a functionally graded surface layer (FGM layer) with a thickness of 1 mm or 2 mm on a SUS 304 substrate. Three-point-bending tests are carried out on a rectangular specimen with a very short crack in the ceramics surface. On the three-point-bending test, a crack is initiated from a short pre-crack in unstable manner, and then it propagates in stable manner through the FGM layer with an increase in the applied load. From the relationship between applied load and crack length during the stable crack growth in the FGM layer, the fracture toughness is evaluated. The fracture toughness increases with an increase in a volume fraction of SUS 304 phase.     

Bending-stretching analysis of thick functionally graded micro-plates using higher-order shear and normal deformable plate theory

In the present article, higher-order shear and normal deformable plate theory together with modified couple stress theory are developed to study the bending analysis of thick functionally graded rectangular micro-plates. One material length scale parameter is used for capturing the size effects. Utilizing the variational approach and also a principle of virtual displacement, a new form of equilibrium equations and the corresponding boundary conditions are derived. It is assumed that material properties vary through the thickness according to the power law function. Finally, an analytical solution for the bending problem of a simply supported FG rectangular micro-plate is presented.     

Thermal fracture analysis of orthotropic functionally graded materials using an equivalent domain integral approach

A new computational method based on the equivalent domain integral (EDI) is developed for mode I fracture analysis of orthotropic functionally graded materials (FGMs) subjected to thermal stresses. By using the constitutive relations of plane orthotropic thermoelasticity, generalized definition of the J-integral is converted to an equivalent domain integral to calculate the thermal stress intensity factor. In the formulation of the EDI approach, all the required thermomechanical properties are assumed to have continuous spatial variations through the functionally graded medium. Developed methodology is integrated into a fracture mechanics research finite element code FRAC2D using graded finite elements that possess cubic interpolation. Steady-state and transient temperature distribution profiles in orthotropic FGMs are computed using the finite elements based heat transfer analysis software HEAT2D. EDI method is validated and domain independence is demonstrated by comparing the numerical results obtained using EDI to those calculated by an enriched finite element method and to those available in the literature. Single and periodic edge crack problems in orthotropic FGMs are examined in order to study the influences of principal thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity components, relative crack length and crack periodicity on the thermal stress intensity factors. Numerical results show that among the three principal thermal expansion coefficient components, the in-plane component perpendicular to the crack axis has the most significant influence on the mode I stress intensity factor. Gradation profile of the thermal expansion coefficient parallel to the crack axis is shown to have no effect on the outcome of the fracture analysis.     

Cracks and re-entrant corners in functionally graded materials

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are special composites in which the volume fractions of constituent materials vary gradually, giving continuously graded mechanical properties. The aim of this paper is the evaluation of the strength of structures composed by FGMs incorporating re-entrant corners - tending to the more common crack for vanishing corner angle. The end result is useful in engineering applications predicting the strength of the element corresponding to the unstable brittle crack propagation in such innovative materials. To show the general validity of the method, heterogeneous plates under tension and beam under bending containing re-entrant corners and by varying corner angle, depth and grading of the FGM are considered. Ad hoc performed numerical finite element simulations, by using the FRANC2D code, agree with the theoretical predictions.     

梯度温度气体介质的热辐射传递特性研究

高速导弹光学窗口外存在激波层,为高度不均匀的梯度温度气体介质,针对其中的热辐射传递开展一种有效数值求解方法研究.基于离散传递法的思想,利用光线传输模型寻找导引头探测口径内的视线路径,推衍出激波层的热辐射强度计算模型,并研究此模型所得激波层热辐射噪声与来流参数之间的关系,给出经验公式,结果表明,对于3 ～8 μm红外波段...     

落叶松单宁处理杨木防腐性能

目的 针对目前大多数传统木材防腐剂对环境和人畜的健康会产生诸多不利影响等问题,开发新的、安全性高、抗菌能力强并可自然降解的天然生物质木材防腐剂.方法 采用超声波提取辅助法,从落叶松(Larix gmelinii(Rupr.)Kuzen)树皮中提取单宁,并以杨木为实验材料,对杨木进行浸渍处理,再用彩绒革盖菌和密粘褶菌接种浸渍12周,通过测定试样小木块的质量损失率和扫描电镜分析,评价其耐腐性.结果 实验结果表明,单宁提取物对木材具有较明显的防腐效果,彩绒革盖菌和密粘褶菌接种的杨木试件平均质量损失率分别为4.36％和15.43％;其中当单宁提取物浸渍质量分数为5％时,对密粘褶菌的抑制效果最强.结论 落叶松单宁对木腐菌有较强的抑菌活性,有效提高了木材的防腐性能.     

玻璃中产生结石的原因分析

分析了玻璃制品中常见的硅质结石产生的原因 ,探讨了判断和区别结石的方法 ,同时提出了防止和减少结石产生应采取的措施     

一种渐变掺杂型pin光探测器的高速响应性能研究

高速光探测器是高速光纤通信系统和网络中的关键器件,它要求光探测器具有宽的频率响应带宽和高量子效率。垂直入光型pin光探测器的高速性能和量子效率均受到吸收层厚度的限制。为了改善其高速性能,采用InGaAsP材料作为吸收层以及限制层渐变掺杂的方法,对垂直入光型pin光探测器的高速响应性能进行了理论研究和仿真,结果表明,高速响应达到了40GHz。与不采用渐变掺杂浓度的同种结构光探测器相比,高速响应性能显著提高。