中国耕地细碎化的理论解析与研究框架

基于演绎推理法和文献研究法,探索耕地细碎化的概念、过程、机制和效应,并构建耕地细碎化研究框架,为耕地细碎化研究提供理论指导。结果表明:①耕地细碎化是耕地在自然-人为双重因素驱动下,耕地地块在形态上不断分割、变小,耕地产权在主体上不断细分、多元的过程,并分别表现为相互关联又有所区别的耕地景观细碎化和耕地权属细碎化; ②耕地细碎化研究应遵循“诊断-机制-效应-治理”的理论框架,耕地细碎化诊断需从形态和权属两方面构建评价指标体系,形成机制可从自然切割力、利用切割力、设施切割力和管理切割力4个方面揭示不同因素的作用机制,效应需揭示不同尺度下耕地细碎化形态和产权的趋势性转折对经济、社会和生态的影响,治理研究应按照“问题识别治理潜力治理路径保障措施”的逻辑顺序构建。     

An Eco-Friendly Approach to the Control of Pathogenic Microbes and Anopheles stephensi Malarial Vector Using Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (Mg-NPs) Fabricated by Penicillium chrysogenum

The discovery of eco-friendly, rapid, and cost-effective compounds to control diseases caused by microbes and insects are the main challenges. Herein, the magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) are successfully fabricated by harnessing the metabolites secreted by Penicillium chrysogenum. The fabricated MgO-NPs were characterized using UV-Vis, XRD, TEM, DLS, EDX, FT-IR, and XPS analyses. Data showed the successful formation of crystallographic, spherical, well-dispersed MgO-NPs with sizes of 7–40 nm at a maximum wavelength of 250 nm. The EDX analysis confirms the presence of Mg and O ions as the main components with weight percentages of 13.62% and 7.76%, respectively. The activity of MgO-NPs as an antimicrobial agent was investigated against pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, and exhibited zone of inhibitions of 12.0 ± 0.0, 12.7 ± 0.9, 23.3 ± 0.8, 17.7 ± 1.6, and 14.7 ± 0.6 mm respectively, at 200 µg mL⁻¹. The activity is decreased by decreasing the MgO-NPs concentration. The biogenic MgO-NPs exhibit high efficacy against different larvae instar and pupa of Anopheles stephensi, with LC50 values of 12.5–15.5 ppm for I–IV larvae instar and 16.5 ppm for the pupa. Additionally, 5 mg/cm² of MgO-NPs showed the highest protection percentages against adults of Anopheles stephensi, with values of 100% for 150 min and 67.6% ± 1.4% for 210 min.     

我国轮胎工业40年发展的真实写照与缩影 ——纪念《轮胎工业》创刊40周年

结合《轮胎工业》创刊40年来的报道内容,综述我国轮胎工业40年来的发展历程。我国轮胎生产从最初的使用棉帘线、天然橡胶生产斜交轮胎,通过不断的技术攻关,逐步发展到生产子午线轮胎、无内胎轮胎、扁平化轮胎,进而到航空轮胎、绿色轮胎、安全轮胎、智能轮胎,每一步发展都包含着大量科技创新和自主知识产权。发展民用航空子午线轮胎、新能源汽车轮胎、免充气轮胎等生产技术是“十四五”的发展重点。     

新一代铜电解液绿色净化新技术

新一代铜电解液绿色净化新技术实现了净化电解液中铜与杂质砷、锑、铋的定向分离,解决了脱杂过程产生砷化氢和酸雾有毒有害气及物料重复冶炼等问题,砷有效开路,无有害气体产生,实现了清洁绿色生产。替代了原工业生产阴极铜电解液电脱铜诱导净化除杂工艺,所需脱除的铜全部富集并直接生产A级阴极铜产品,电耗降低55%,实现传统冶炼向绿色清洁冶炼转型。     

从第14届国际电加工学术会议看电火花加工技术的发展趋势

结合第14届国际电加工学术会议和国内外电火花加工技术的最新进展，以一些最新的应用实例系统地综述了电火花加工技术的发展趋势。     

绿色再制造技术在部队维修中的应用与开发

文章从绿色再制造工程出发,介绍了已经利用再制造工程技术实现的维修工程及利益分析,对于节约资源和保护环境,推动军队经济、社会、环境的协调发展具有十分重要而又长远的意义.     

超临界流体在有机合成中的应用新进展

综述了超临界流体应用于有机合成的新成果及新动向,包括催化氢化、Diels-Alder反应、烯键易位反应、环化反应、费托合成、傅克烷基化反应、酯化反应、氧化反应、烷基化反应、重排反应和水解反应等方面。它在绿色化学反应方面具有很大的潜在优势。     

绿色节能脲醛树脂粘合剂的生产新方法

介绍了低游离甲醛含量的低醛/尿摩尔比脲醛树脂木材粘合剂的生产新方法。利用控制不同反应阶段不同工艺条件,使整个生产周期缩短20%,并充分利用反应热,使能耗降低。     

建筑供排水用聚丙烯管道(PP-R)特性简析

PP -R管道具有质轻、连接方便、良好耐热性和较小导热系数、耐腐蚀且管道阻力小等优点 ,属绿色产品 ,本文对施工过程中就PP -R管与混凝土的粘结不密、抗紫外性能差等问题提出了相应的处理措施     

Theoretical Models for Binder Burnout

The kinetics of binder burnout, from a ceramic green body, are considered for the case of an "unzipping" binder which decomposes to produce a volatile monomer. The process is considered to fail if the concentration of monomer in the green body exceeds that in equilibrium with vapor at 1 atm (≅10⁵ Pa), when an internal bubble would be expected to form. Steady-state diffusional calculations and computer simulations explore the size and temperature dependence of the process and are in agreement. The model suggests that it is not feasible to burn out a large flat piece greater than about 3 mm thick, without going to very long times of burnout. The kinetics are significantly improved if porosity develops in the piece during the early stages of decomposition, as opposed to the retreat of the binder into the piece on a uniform front.