涞源岩溶地下水系统泉水量变化特征分析

涞源泉泉域是一个全封闭式泉排型岩溶水系统,泉水利用对当地工农业生产发挥了重要作用.通过对涞源岩溶地下水系统特征分析,利用地表水系列资料,采用基流分割法、相关系数法等,计算出泉水量系列资料.由降水补给地下水,再以泉水的形式排泄,在此过程中使水量在时间上滞后,而且水量趋于平稳,泉水量年极值比为7.33,变差系数为0.34,年内分配变化幅度平缓.由降水—入渗—地下径流—泉水排出的过程,水资源经过地下岩溶调节作用,有利于水资源的开发利用,而且对水质也起到净化作用.研究和分析岩溶地下水径流量变化特征,为合理利用泉水资源提供科学依据.     

绥化市地下水水化学特征及水质现状评价

为了查明绥化市的地下水环境状况,运用描述性统计、地统计学理论、相关分析、Piper三线图法等对绥化市的地下水水化学特征进行全面分析。在此基础上采用了基于综合赋权的五元联系数法对研究区水质现状进行评价,并且利用秩相关系数法进行水质变化趋势分析。结果表明,研究区地下水略偏酸性,部分水样的水质指标存在超标现象。地下水中Ca 2＋为优势阳离子,HCO 3－为优势阴离子。研究区的铁、锰、氟超标是受原生污染影响,地下水中的Cl－与SO 2－4,Na＋与Mg 2＋存在同一来源。将基于综合赋权的五元联系数法的评价结果与模糊综合评判法相比较,结果表明其评价结果是合理可靠的,符合客观实际。通过秩相关系数法表明研究区地下水水质状况在一定程度上有所改善。     

华北平原引黄输水河道局部区域渗漏损失模型初探

为研究华北平原地区河道渗漏损失,以“引黄济津”跨流域调水实测数据为依据,利用两岸地下水位变幅资料分析,提出河道水量损失线性模型,为华北平原区域调水过程中的水资源配置、调度和优化提供科学理论依据。     

Impact of sedimentation on groundwater recharge at Sahalanowt Dam,Salalah, Oman

Recharge dams in Oman detain floods to recharge groundwater. The impact of sedimentation on recharge at Wadi Sahalanowt Recharge Dam, in Salalah, Oman, was evaluated using field data and numerical modelling. Analysis of the thickness of sediments after flood events shows that maximum depositions were at the same locations after each event, coinciding with the lowest positions in the wadi. Numerical modelling suggests that the current practice of periodic removal of sediments will restore the storage capacity of the reservoir, but that ploughing or raking of the underlying native sedimentary rocks could be required to significantly improve infiltration rates.     

Managed aquifer recharge in community water supply: the Finnish experience and some international comparisons

This paper analyzes the use of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) in community water supply in Finland and presents some international experiences for comparison. The framework of MAR consists of the natural environment and physical infrastructure, as well as socio-economic aspects, all of which are interrelated. Local conditions form the basis of an MAR system and to a large degree determine infiltration options and the most suitable methods. Finnish hydrogeology, climate and local conditions are highly comparable to those in Sweden but differ from those of other parts of Europe, Australia, the USA and Asia. This article provides a holistic view of MAR not only as a technical means of resource enhancement for water supply but also as an element interacting with the natural environment and society.     

Groundwater legislation in Turkey: problems of conception and application

The uneven distribution of water resources, a growing population, urbanization and global climate change require new approaches for groundwater management in Turkey. “Safe yield” should yield to broader concepts such as “sustainability”. Groundwater management needs to consider future needs of the people and all ecosystems in accordance with basin development models. Groundwater law needs to be expanded beyond quantity to address quality concerns. A new institutional framework should be established and groundwater regulation should reflect new approaches and ideas, in particular to address problems of application.     

Groundwater Utilization and Management in the State of Kuwait

Abstract

The main brackish groundwater resources in the State of Kuwait are the groundwater located in the Kuwait Group and the Dammam limestone aquifers. Most of the groundwater used in the State of Kuwait is for irrigation, some part of it is used for domestic purposes and for small scale industries. Since rainfall is seasonal and is less than the annual evaporation, the recharge from rainfall is negligible. Water levels in both the aquifers are highly affected by the pumping rate from each well. The groundwater is extracted heavily resulting in decline of water levels and the deterioration of groundwater quality though there is underflow from Saudi Arabia. Improvement of the groundwater management is essential for maintaining long-term productivity of the aquifers in the State of Kuwait.     

The Mahomet Aquifer

Abstract

Emerging intrastate transboundary issues focus on use of the Mahomet aquifer, which underlies about fifteen counties and many other political entities in east-central Illinois. This sand and gravel aquifer in the lower part of the buried Mahomet Bedrock Valley ranges between four and fourteen miles wide and from about 50 to 200 feet thick. Much of the region's rural population, several large communities, and many small towns obtain water from the Mahomet aquifer, as do industrial, agricultural, and commercial users. Increased development of the Mahomet aquifer to meet growing demands for water has caused conflicts over real or perceived adverse effects. One result has been the creation of fifteen resource protection zones and twelve water authorities. For groundwater supplies, resource protection zones help municipalities protect water-supply wells from potential adverse impacts. Many resource protection zones overlap one another, however, so this situation could lead to disputes over use of the resource. The reason that several of the twelve water authorities were organized was to meet a challenge perceived from a demand to be placed on the aquifer, in other words, a potential for conflict of use. Complicating the situation is that some of the water authorities overlap the resource protection zones. This could lead to disputes not only about water use, but also over which jurisdiction has the authority to settle a dispute. The Mahomet Aquifer Consortium was recently organized by concerned people representing diverse groundwater interests at the local level, including the private sector, professional organizations, and various governmental units. The consortium brings together representatives of some groups that typically did not communicate with each other in the past. The consortium may provide a forum through which emerging transboundary issues pertaining to use of the Mahomet aquifer can be addressed. Because the consortium is a voluntary organization that relies on consensus building, the success it may achieve in resolving future conflicts over groundwater use from the Mahomet aquifer remains to be seen.     

安阳市地下水应急供水水源评估研究

以安阳市平原区为例,根据水均衡原理,利用当年汛期末浅层地下水位埋深和汛期降雨量以及汛期前地下水补给量等信息,建立安阳市平原区基于数值模拟模型的枯季地下水可开采量（可供水量）实时预报模型。研究结果可为区域地下水水源评估提供参考。     

The political economy of metering agricultural tube wells in West Bengal,India

Unmetered electricity supply to agriculture has given rise to a unique and invidious water–energy–food nexus in India. Metering of agricultural consumers has been suggested as a way to break the nexus, but most states have not been able to meter farmers due to their opposition . The only exception is the state of West Bengal. Using primary data from a household survey conducted in 2010 when the metering process was still underway, this paper argues that farmers’ support for metering in West Bengal can be explained in terms of the economics of groundwater use and politics surrounding agriculture and groundwater in the state.