Determination of heavy metals and volatile aromatic compounds in used engine oils and sludges

Assessment of contaminant releases during utilization of used oils is essential for the determination of environmental acceptability. These paper reports the results of the study examining a toxic metal leachability from used engine oil and sludge samples employing leaching test (TCLP). The leaching test indicated that lead in oil samples exceeded 5-ppm concentration level what qualified them as a toxic waste. The samples of contaminated sludge were found to contain high concentration of total lead, barium and chromium, but the leaching test showed concentration below regulatory limit. The total content of benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylenes (BETX), and naphthalene in used oil and sludge samples was also determined and was found not to be a significant factor to contamination.     

新型钝化剂MB-1在沧炼的使用

通过MB-1金属钝化剂在重油催化装置的工业应用,考察了其对产品性质、产品分布的影响,结果表明:该钝化剂具有响应速度快、效果显著的特点,使用后,催化干气H2含量平均下降幅度为40%,H2/CH4降低幅度达37%,干气和焦炭产率有所下降,液收提高,取得良好的经济效益。     

SBS改性沥青

介绍了沥青的特性，改性沥青的种类与性能，以及丁苯嵌段共聚物改性沥青的相容性，溶胀性，分散性等方面的研究进展，并提出了发展建议。     

黑液中的多糖对合成本素胺乳化剂的影响

直接以浓缩黑液为原料，通过环氧氯丙烷引入季铵基团制取阳离子型木素胺乳化剂。对产品和原料黑液做了剖析，证明黑液中的非本素有机物发生了胺化反应．应用试验证明这部分胺化产物具有助乳化和稳定乳液的作用。     

我国木质素油田化学品的发展现状

本文综述了我国木质素类（碱木质素或木质素磺酸盐）油田化学品的最新进展，其中包括钻井液处理剂、油井水泥添加剂、堵水剂、调剖剂、稠油降粘剂和表面活性剂驱油的牺牲剂。目前我国木质素类堵水剂、调剖剂和稠油降粘剂的研究和应用方面已达到或超过世界先进水平，改性木质素磺酸盐的研究也接近国际先进水平，但钻井处理剂和水泥添加剂仅为美国的1／9，许多木质素化学品仍为空白。因此，这些油田化学品仍然是吸引人去研究的课题，期望不久的将来会有较大的进展。     

基于优进策略的遗传算法对重油热解模型参数的估计

针对常规遗传算法全局寻优效率偏低的弱点，提出了一种优进策略，用以改进常规遗传算法。该策略将从繁衍过程中获取进化信息，自适应地改进子代分布，适时引入确定性操作，以提高全局寻优性能。提出的相关技术包括维持种群的多样性、改进交叉算子、增加Powell寻优算子等。实例测试表明这种优进策略效果良好，并已成功地应用于重油热解三集总动力学复杂数学模型的非线性参数估计。     

Chemistry of organosulphur compound types occurring in heavy oil sands: 3. Reaction of thiophene and tetrahydrothiophene with vanadyl and nickel salts

As part of a study of the chemistry of the steam-stimulated recovery of heavy oils, the hydrolysis and subsequent desulphurization of tetrahydrothiophene and thiophene by aqueous solutions of vanadyl and nickel salts was investigated. Vanadyl sulphate and vanadyl chloride were shown to behave very differently, emphasizing that these salts have different molecular species in aqueous solutions.     

Characteristics of heavy-oil-in-water emulsions containing produced sand

Heavy-oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions containing produced sand were prepared using commercially available emulsifiers. The emulsions were tested in beakers for emulsion type, quality, and sand-retention characteristics. The apparent viscosities of the o/w emulsions were measured. The effects of polymer addition on the apparent viscosity and sand-carrying capability of the emulsions were also studied. The results of the breaker tests indicate that most emulsifier solutions water-wet the beaker wall and temporarily improve heavy-oil flow characteristics. However, most of the chemicals also water-wet the sand particles and cause sand dropout. The Flothin F2 chemical alone showed stable oil dispersion and, in combination with the Flocon 4800C polymer, showed very good sand-retention, viscosity-reduction, and stable oil-dispersion characteristics.     

New correlation for predicting the viscosity of heavy petroleum fractions

A new, simple and reliable empirical correlation for predicting the viscosities of heavy petroleum fractions is proposed, applicable to fractions with mid-boiling points from 80 to 550°C over a wide range of viscosities (0.4 to 260 mm² s⁻¹) and measurement temperatures (40 to 200°C). This correlation showed better accuracy in the prediction of heavy petroleum fraction viscosities than that of the most accurate and much more complicated predictive methods in the literature, since it gave an overall average absolute deviation of 6.5% when tested on 296 data for medium and heavy petroleum fractions.     

CPE系列聚合物改性路用沥青

研究了氯化聚乙烯(CPE)系列聚合物体系对改性沥青性能的影响．以及CPE含量、母料比例等对改性沥青的影响。实验结果表明．母炼胶法制备的改性沥青能够取得较好的效果。通过对CPE体系和CPE—g—MAH体系的比较．能直观的看到界面相容性对改性沥青起着至关重要的作用，使改性沥青呈现较好的延度、针入度和软化点。同时。对改性沥青的工艺进行了探索。