用差示扫描量热法测定高性能材料的比热

用差示扫描量热法测定高性能材料,如聚合物、玻璃、陶瓷的比热,操作简便、准确,为高性能材料在航空、军工及民用领域中耐热性和保温性的合理应用提供了科学依据。     

高强高性能混凝土在多轴压下强度与变形性能的试验研究

 利用大型静动真三轴试验机,进行高强高性能混凝土和普通混凝土在不同应力比下的单轴、双轴、三轴压强度与变形试验研究。多轴压试块尺寸为100 mm×100 mm×100 mm,减摩措施为3层黄油中间加3层塑料薄膜的减摩垫层,加载方式为单调比例加载。阐述试件的破坏形态和机制;测得多轴强度、峰值应变和应力–应变曲线,分析应力比对其影响规律;剖析2种混凝土多轴力学性能的差异。试验结果表明：多轴压下2种混凝土极限强度s 3f和峰值应变e 3p在所有应力比下都分别大于其单轴压强度¦c和峰值应变e cp,尤其是在三轴压下更为明显;而且s 3f和e 3p相对于¦c和e cp的提高倍数取决于混凝土的脆硬性、应力状态和应力比。建立在双轴压和多轴应力状态下的高强高性能混凝土和普通混凝土Kupfer-Gerstle和Ottosen破坏准则公式,为2种混凝土结构(如桥梁与隧道工程、地下工程、建筑工程等)在多轴压下的强度分析提供试验和理论依据。     

适用于聚羧酸减水剂的混凝土激发剂研究

提出一种适用于聚羧酸减水剂的复合矿物混凝土激发剂,研究了在不同养护条件、不同掺量下,激发剂对混凝土工作性能及各龄期强度的影响,结合XRD,SEM物相检测探讨了激发剂作用机理,并在连江可门港口泊位工程中试用,测试了掺激发剂混凝土的耐久性能.宏观测试结果表明所研激发剂I型对混凝土工作性能影响不大,能够提高混凝土早期强度,且对后期强度及长期耐久性能无不良影响;微观分析表明激发剂I型的掺入加速了C2S,C3S等矿物的水化,并激发了粉煤灰、矿粉的二次水化反应,混凝土强度发展拐点提前出现.     

新型蔗糖基聚羧酸高效减水剂的合成与性能

以自制甲基丙烯酸蔗糖酯（MASE）、丙烯酸（AA）、甲基丙烯酸（MAA）、烯丙基磺酸钠和烯丙基聚乙二醇（A PEG ）为原料,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,自由基共聚法合成蔗糖基聚羧酸高效减水剂。研究了反应时间、蔗糖酯含量及引发剂用量对蔗糖基聚羧酸高效减水剂性能的影响。并通过流动度测试、红外光谱表征及黏度对减水剂的结构与性能进行了分析与比较。各组分物质的量nAA ：nMAA ：nSAS ：nAPEG ：nMASE ＝3∶1∶2∶1∶0．2,MASE含量为4．9wt．％,引发剂为单体用量1．9wt．％,反应时间为5h时合成的减水剂性能最好。在水灰比为0．29,折固掺量为0．3w t ．％,水泥净浆流动度达到340mm。     

聚1,4-(2,5-二羟基)亚苯基-2,6-苯并二咪唑纤维的制备

系统的研究了新型纤维聚1,4-(2,5-二羟基)亚苯基-2,6-苯并二咪唑(PDPB)树脂纤维的合成新工艺,考察了单体质量分数、PPA中P2O5质量分数、聚合温度和时间对PDPB的液晶聚合和纺丝性能的影响.结果表明:采用AA型单体1,2,4,5-四氨基苯(TAB.4HCl)与BB型单体2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸(2,5-DHTA)在P2O5质量分数为85%、以两单体总质量分数为10%且等当比的条件下混缩聚制得的PDPB树脂的新工艺具有工艺简练、操作简单以及良好的经济性等特点,其树脂特性粘数达到13dL/g,得到PDPB初生单丝纤维的抗张强度为1.8GPa的,最大热分解温度高达665.12℃,空气中10%失重对应温度为508.3℃.     

Effects of molecular structure of polycarboxylate-type superplasticizer on the hydration properties of C3S

Effects of polycarboxylate-type superplasticizer(PC) molecular structure on the hydration heat of tricalcium silicate(C3S) paste and polymerization degree of hydration products(C-S-H gel) were researched by using TAM AIR isothermal microcalorimetry(TA) and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).Methoxy polyethylene glycol-methacrylates-based polycarboxylate superplasticizers with different side chain lengths and main chain lengths were employed.PC molecules with shorter main chain or longer side chains caused stronger retardation of C3S early hydration and lesser increase of C3S 3 d hydration degree.NMR measurement indicated that the incorporation of PC increased the hydration degree of C3S paste and the polymerization degree of silicon-oxygen tetrahedron of C-S-H gel.The tendency for C3S 7 d hydration degree to improve was more pronounced while PC molecules with longer main chain or shorter side chain were added.Whereas,PC molecules with longer main chains or longer side chains increased the 7 d polymerization degree of C-S-H gel.     

聚羧酸减水剂在水泥和泥土表面的吸附行为

采用有机碳测定仪研究了水泥、泥土和水体系中聚羧酸减水剂吸附量与吸附时间、减水剂浓度、体系温度的关系。同时,对减水剂吸附模型和吸附热进行了分析,探讨了聚羧酸减水剂在水泥、泥土颗粒表面的吸附特性。结果表明:水泥和泥土对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附量随时间延长不断增加,最后达到平衡,同时,泥土比水泥对减水剂的吸附量要大,泥土的掺入量为0.5%就会大大降低水泥净浆的流动度;聚羧酸减水剂的吸附基本符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,水泥和泥土对减水剂的饱和吸附量分别为3.7mg/g和10.1mg/g;水泥和泥土对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附量随温度的增大而减小,其吸附是一个放热过程。     

A COMPARISON OF HPLC WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION AND FIXED WAVELENGTH FLUORESCENCE METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON METABOLITES IN FISH BILE

Fish exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) accumulate only a small amount of PAH in their tissues. Hydrophobic PAHs are readily transformed into hydrophilic metabolites and excreted in bile. Bile samples of five fish species were collected from the Baltic Sea and analyzed using two methods: high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection and a fixed wavelength fluorescence method. With the HPLC method PAH compounds were quantitated after hydrolysis, and with the fluorescence method without enzyme-assisted hydrolysis. In HPLC analysis the major metabolite in all fish species, 1-hydroxypyrene, was the only metabolite detected in perch and salmon samples. 1-Hydroxyphenanthrene was detected in a few flounder and in most eelpouts. The correlation between the two methods for pyrene-type metabolites was good (r² = 0.773).     

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN BALTIC SEA SEDIMENTS

Present concentrations of parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in bottom sediments of the Baltic Sea. Sediments were collected in 2001 and 2002 from the Gulf of Finland, the Northern Baltic Proper, the Eastern Gotland Basin, the Southern Baltic Proper, and Kattegat. Parent PAHs were quantified by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The sum of 13 PAHs in 1 cm slices in the first 5 cm varied between 64 and 5161 ng/g (dw) depending on the bottom type. The most contaminated area was in the Eastern Gotland Basin, and the most abundant PAH components found in sediments were fluoranthene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[ghi]perylene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene. The studied PAHs were both pyrolytic and petrogenic in origin. In addition, the concentrations of indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene and benzo[ghi]perylene indicated a contribution from diesel engines, which may indicate pollution caused by the steadily increased shipping in the Baltic Sea.     

基于正交试验设计的聚羧酸高效陶瓷减水剂性能

以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体,采用水溶液聚合法制备了一种线型MA/AA/AMPS聚羧酸高效陶瓷减水剂。通过正交试验,研究了各反应条件对添加了0.35%(相对绝干料浆)线型MA/AA/AMPS聚羧酸高效陶瓷减水剂的陶瓷坯体料浆流动时间的影响,并进一步利用FT-IR和XRD等手段分别对线型MA/AA/AMPS聚羧酸高效陶瓷减水剂的官能团结构和晶相结构进行表征,分别用POM和SEM照片观察陶瓷坯体料浆的分散情况和陶瓷坯体试样的断面形貌。结果表明,线型MA/AA/AMPS聚羧酸高效陶瓷减水剂最佳合成条件为：聚合温度为80 ℃、引发剂用量占聚合单体总质量的9%、n(MA)∶n(AA)∶n(AMPS)=1.0∶3.5∶1.5和聚合时间为4 h。当线型MA/AA/AMPS聚羧酸高效陶瓷减水剂掺量为0.35%(相对绝干料浆)时,陶瓷坯体料浆体系的黏度从689.5 mPa穝降低到56.8 mPa穝。