后桥壳的可靠性优化设计

该文讨论了后桥壳的可靠性优化设计问题.在基本随机变量的概率特性已知的情况下,应用随机摄动法和约束随机方向法对后桥壳进行可靠性优化设计,并编制了实用的计算机程序,可以迅速准确地得到后桥壳的可靠性设计参数.     

Housing policy in remote Indigenous communities: how politics obstructs good policy

Abstract

When it comes to issues of housing policy, remote Indigenous housing often presents the extreme case. The failures of housing policy are most acute in remote Indigenous Australia, but despite the need to learn from the policy mistakes of the past, there has been little detailed analysis of the policy history. Through documentary and empirical analysis, we show that policies have either failed to be adapted to cultural and geographic contexts or, when they have been culturally responsive, they have lacked attention to the complexities of service delivery. Despite differences in policy settings, the long view is one of the normalization of Indigenous communities, although research points to the need for culturally appropriate arrangements. We argue that rather than politically motivated short-termism, governments need to develop a medium- to long-term approach that approaches policy solutions incrementally, builds capacity within the state and Indigenous communities, and is based on the evidence.     

The geographic concentration of housing vouchers,Blacks, and poverty over time: a study of Cincinnati,Ohio, USA

Using data from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) concerning Housing Choice Voucher (HCV, formerly called Section 8) recipients, the authors provide a spatial analysis in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. ‘Hot spot’ analysis is utilized to detect areas with significant densities of voucher recipients compared with the surrounding environs. Results show that the implementation of Cincinnati's HCV program between 2000 and 2005 in conjunction with public housing transformation has not led to a greater dispersion of voucher recipients and either poverty or racial deconcentration. Many HCV households remain concentrated in hot spots. The implications for US low-income housing policy are discussed.     

Defects in offsite construction: timber module prefabrication

The construction industry is based on craftsmanship. Quality control and assurance procedures applied in manufacturing cannot usually be readily applied in construction, where there are higher degrees of uniqueness in each project. One category of companies, industrialized housebuilders, is attempting to bridge some of the gaps between construction and manufacturing. These companies prefabricate building modules for later assembly at the building site. Since they are wholly responsible for large parts of the building process, these companies have greater opportunities to control and improve quality in a more consistent way than ordinary construction companies. Thus, it could be hypothesized that the frequency and severity of defects should be lower in industrialized housing than in ordinary construction. The aim of the study presented here is to examine this hypothesis by measuring and characterizing defects in industrialized housing. The design and manufacturing processes at two Swedish timber module prefabrication firms has been analysed through interviews, site visits and document reviews. Quality audits from three phases of the building process were compiled, analysed and categorized to provide statistical measures of defects in industrialized housing. The results show that the case study companies are better in terms of product quality than conventional housing.     

Neighbourhood Restructuring and Residential Relocation: Towards a Balanced Perspective on Relocation Processes and Outcomes

This introductory paper to this special issue of Housing Studies questions whether various characteristics of the debate and research on gentrification, displacement and restructuring justify a largely negative perspective on the processes and outcomes of ‘forced’ residential relocation. We argue that a proper and fuller consideration of issues around policy, context, process and outcomes enable researchers and commentators to avoid ready characterisations and self-fulfilling investigations of restructuring which serve to present it as a singular (and somewhat suspicious or conspiratorial) phenomenon. For this purpose, we present a broad conceptual framework for restructuring and relocation studies, based on these four themes. Subsequently, we review major issues in restructuring and gentrification discourses, and briefly reflect upon some of the factors underlying the negative loading of the term displacement. We also identify caveats in the evidence base of relocation studies, both in the United States and in Europe. Finally, we introduce the papers in this special issue. The overall aim of this issue is to offer a more open, balanced starting position for analysis of urban restructuring processes and relocation outcomes, particularly in relation to areas of social housing.     

关于住宅装修常见质量通病的探讨

在新建住宅商品房中,有毛坯房和全装修房两种.无论是购房者装修,还是开发商整体装修,都涉及从毛坯到精装环节才得以完成入住.就从毛坯到装修过程和物业使用中所发现的几个问题（或缺陷）,结合多个项目实际经验,提出解决办法.     

变速箱振动与噪声分析

分析了某变速箱试验时的异常振动和噪声原因。先对一台样机测试其各挡稳定过程的振动和噪声信号,再对测得的信号进行功率谱密度分析。之后,运用Pro/Engineer建立了变速箱壳体的实体模型,并用OptiStruct软件进行了壳体前端面加零位移约束的模态分析;计算了各挡齿轮的啮合频率,分析了壳体的模态频率与齿轮啮合频率对振动和噪声信号功率谱中峰值的影响。最后根据分析结果,提出对壳体的改进建议,以达到变速箱减振降噪的目的。     

房建工程上部结构防渗漏施工的质量管理措施

当房建工程的上部结构出现渗漏时,建筑的主体结构就会被侵蚀,从而导致其使用寿命缩短。文章对房屋上部结构出现渗漏的原因进行了分析,并由此对其质量管理措施与注意要点进行了阐明与论述。     

基于SNA的公租房项目核心利益相关者识别

在文献分析法识别公租房项目建设过程中利益相关者的基础上,借助问卷调查得到公租房项目利益相关者之间的关系强度,并运用UCINET6.0软件构建公租房项目利益相关者的社会网络模型。然后,基于社会网络分析法(SNA)定性和定量地识别出公租房项目核心利益相关者。     

保障性住房建设规模测度研究——以河北省为例

保障性住房建设规模测度的准确性直接影响着保障性住房体系的可持续发展。以河北省为例,通过分析商品房价格及各类保障性住房家庭年还款额,建立规模测度模型,得到各类保障性住房对应的城镇居民家庭收入线,在此基础上,结合居民家庭年收入的变化,计算得到各类保障性住房建设比例及规模。分析结果表明,河北省保障房建设政策趋势与理论测算的结论相符,建设规模逐年递减。该测算方法能更为准确地测算得到现阶段各类保障性住房建设的合理比例及规模,为政府在住房保障体系的建设方面提供理论参考。