石嘴山城市空间扩展的影响因子时空变迁及未来趋势预测

本文立足于宁夏回族自治区石嘴山市的自然基质和转型发展要求,既着眼于全市域,又突破行政界限范围,研究处于复杂发展变动态势下的石嘴山城市用地空间扩展。论文通过对1951-2010年间城市空间扩展影响因子的时空动态模拟以及石嘴山资源枯竭型城市转型进程判定分析,预测得出适宜于未来2015年和2020年的影响因子时空分布。在此基础上,借助于"统计产品与服务解决方案"软件、地理信息系统工具以及成本加权距离等数学方法,对回归预测模型和空间扩散模型进行运算,预测未来一定时期城市空间扩展的规模与方向,从城市自身层面提出石嘴山城市空间扩展的趋势导向,并从宁蒙边界区域层面提出构建两个同城化片区发展的趋势。     

食品香料发展趋势及挑战

食品香料是一类非常重要的食品添加剂,占整个食品添加剂市场的四分之一以上。近些年食品香料的发展受到诸多因素的影响,主要分为技术层面和社会层面两个方面,前者包括分离提取技术、仪器分析技术、生物技术等,而后者包括消费者的心理需求、可持续发展要求等。在这些因素的影响下,化学性质相对活泼、在食品中天然含量低、阈值低而特征性强的高影响力的含硫香料成为食品香料中快速发展的一类重要香料,而天然香料市场也稳步扩大。该文对这两类香料的发展情况进行了简要的介绍和分析。     

Homochirality of Organic Matter – Objective Law or Curious Incident?

Of the many hypotheses on the origin of biological homochirality on the Earth, the combination of the notion of subatomic particles composing a homochiral pool of primary matter, on the one hand, with the suggestion of the synthesis of chiral organic molecules in the plasma torch generated by super-high-velocity impacts (SHVI) of meteorites, on the other hand, was chosen as the working assumption.     

Welding of medium-carbon structural steel

The optimum filler material was selected and the technological and mechanical properties and structure welded joints are investigated.     

TNFSF15 Inhibits Blood Retinal Barrier Breakdown Induced by Diabetes

Tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15 (TNFSF15) is an endogenous neovascularization inhibitor and an important negative regulator of vascular homeostasis. This study aimed to explore the potential role of TNFSF15 in diabetic retinopathy. Vitreous TNFSF15 and VEGF levels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients were detected by ELISA. Retinal expression of TNFSF15 and the content of tight junction proteins (TJPs) in rats were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively. The blood retinal barrier (BRB) permeability was evaluated using Evans Blue (EB) dye. The TNFSF15/VEGF ratio was decreased in the vitreous fluid of patients with PDR relative to the controls, even though the expression levels of TNFSF15 were higher. TNFSF15 was dramatically decreased one month later after diabetes induction (p < 0.001), and then increased three months later and thereafter. TNFSF15 treatment significantly protected the BRB in the diabetic animals. Diabetes decreased TJPs levels in the retina, and these changes were inhibited by TNFSF15 treatment. Moreover, TNFSF15 decreased activation of VEGF both in mRNA and protein levels caused by diabetes. These results indicate that TNFSF15 is an important inhibitor in the progression of DR and suggest that the regulation of TNFSF15 shows promise for the development of diabetic retinopathy treatment strategies.     

A look behind the curtain: Measuring the complex economic effects of regional structural funds in Germany

This paper investigates the mutual impact channels of Germany's major regional policy instrument (GRW) on regional economic development. Different from earlier studies which have predominately focused on a partial assessment of output effects, we explicitly endogenize the factor inputs of the underlying production function. This allows us to comprehensively assess the role of the GRW in driving per capita output, employment, human and physical capital intensities as well as the region's technological growth. The results from a spatial panel vector autoregressive model show that GRW funding has significant positive effects on regional output, the employment rate and human capital intensity.     

A simplified method for instability and second‐order load effects of framed structures: Story‐based approach

Several building codes such as ANSI/AISC 360‐16 and EC3 EN 1993‐1‐1 require the use of a proper design method to consider instability and second‐order load effect problems for individual system elements and the entire structural system. Various methods are available to assess stability. All of these methods should consider P‐Δ and P‐δ effects (second‐order effects). The following calculation procedures are presented in this study: (a) a simplified method is developed for P‐Δ and P‐δ analysis in regular frames under the effect of constant axial loads to obtain story drifts and end moments; (b) this method can be applied to an entire building or any individual story, that is, story‐based design is possible; and (c) column effective length factors are obtained for individual columns. In addition, design tables are presented.     

Design criteria for impact factors based on dynamic on-site data in railway bridges

To evaluate the dynamic behaviours of bridges, many researchers have analysed interactions between vehicles and bridges with numerical methods instead of field loading tests. However, conventional numerical methods take too much time and cost to evaluate the impact factor of bridges in design and maintenance practice. The objective of this study was to propose improved design criteria by using impact factors based on natural frequency rather than span length of railway bridges using dynamic field load-carrying capacity test database. The improved design criteria use a different methodology than that outlined in the International Union of Railway specifications Code. Statistical regressions are applied to more easily estimate the natural frequency of a bridge with a span length of 20?m or longer with steel plate girder or truss superstructures. Calculated impact factors were compared to impact factors obtained from field measurements. Results indicated that the improved method could provide a very reliable estimation for actual impact factors. Since the suggested impact factor criteria are conservative, the proposed method can be used in design and management stages to consider dynamic effects of railway bridges in a more intuitive manner.     

核电站在大型商用客机撞击下损伤破坏研究进展

2001年9·11事件后,美国核能管理委员会、核能研究院和能源部以及我国核安全局相继出台相关规范,明确规定核电站设计必须考虑大型商用客机的意外和恐怖性撞击作用。从飞机机身的整体撞击效应、引擎局部撞击效应以及核岛厂房结构振动3方面,回顾了核电站重要基础设施在飞机撞击下损伤破坏的理论模型、原型和缩尺试验以及数值仿真研究等的工作进展,对课题组近年来在该领域的研究工作进行了简要介绍,包括4种典型飞机（F4战斗机、空客A320、A380和新舟MA600）和4类核岛设施（预应力钢筋混凝土屏蔽厂房、普通钢筋混凝土屏蔽与附属厂房、钢板混凝土屏蔽与附属厂房,普通钢筋混凝土大型冷却塔）的精细化有限元模型及其撞击全过程的数值仿真分析。此外,介绍了引擎撞击普通钢筋混凝土和超高性能混凝土靶板的缩尺试验和数值模拟分析工作,以及引擎撞击局部效应的计算方法。最后,指出了该领域已有研究在撞击力计算、整体响应、局部破坏、振动效应和多灾害作用方面的不足和进一步研究方向的建议。     

Interface shear strength characteristics of steel piles in frozen clay under varying exposure temperature

The ultimate shaft capacity of pile foundations in frozen grounds has long been correlated to the long-term shear strength of the surrounding frozen soils using a surficial roughness factor “m”. This roughness factor is different for different pile materials (e.g., steel, concrete, and timber), but is often assumed to be constant for any soil type, ground temperature, or stress condition. The current study evaluates the validity of the proposed roughness factor “m” for steel piles embedded in frozen clay and exposed to different scenarios of ground temperatures and normal stress levels. Interface element tests were utilized to characterize the shear strength of frozen Leda clay and the adfreeze strength of the pile-frozen clay interface and to investigate the proposed roughness factor “m” for steel piles exposed to various temperatures and normal stress conditions. The experiments were carried out in a walk-in temperature-controlled environmental chamber. Roughness factor “m” was found not to be a constant number for a given pile material, but rather to decrease with an increase in the freezing temperature. A frictional factor “n”, analogous to roughness factor “m”, was also introduced to correlate the frictional resistance of frozen soil to the frictional resistance of the pile-soil interface. A temperature-dependent empirical equation was also proposed for predicting the shaft capacity of steel piles based on the shear strength parameters of the surrounding ice-rich clay soil.