开洞网架结构的稳定性分析

以弹性支座下的开有矩形洞口的双层正放四角锥网架结构为研究对象,利用SAP2000对开洞网架和不开洞网架分别进行了线性屈曲和非线性屈曲分析,获得了开洞网架结构的屈曲荷载、极限荷载及塑性铰发展过程,并分析了不同开洞大小和位置对网架结构整体稳定性的影响。分析结果表明：洞口大小与位置对网架的稳定性影响不可忽略,开洞网架结构较不开洞网架的稳定性承载力显著减小,必须限制洞口的长宽比以减小对稳定性的不利影响;开洞网架与不开洞网架结构屈服机制不同,未开洞网架的屈服一般从中央上弦杆开始而开洞网架结构塑性铰则首先出现在洞口四角处的腹杆上;在洞边增加拉压杆对提高网架结构的稳定性效果并不明显,需采取加大杆件截面尺寸等加强措施以避免洞口处杆件过早屈服。     

Buckling of carbon fiber composite pyramidal truss core sandwich columns

This paper deals with the theoretical prediction of global buckling loads for carbon fiber composite pyramidal truss core sandwich columns. Different from thin plate structures, transverse shear effect can not be neglected for sandwich structures. In addition, the attributes of the laminated face sheets are considered in the present paper. A zig-zag displacement approximation is made. Based on the principle of minimum potential energy, equilibrium equations and boundary conditions are derived via the variational method. The critical buckling loads under various boundary conditions are presented. In order to validate the reasonableness of the equivalent-core method, the strain energies stored in the actual discrete truss members and the equivalent continuous homogenous core layer are calculated respectively and compared, and a good agreement is obtained. The proposed analytical method is verified by comparing with the published theoretical predictions and experimental results.     

矢跨比对加劲球壳弹性屈曲性能的影响

加劲球壳的承载力取决于整体稳定性。由于加劲球壳属于各向异性壳,影响其屈曲性能的因素较多,至今没有统一的方法获取其整体失稳时的临界荷载。矢跨比是球壳结构屈曲性能分析中的关键因素之一,文中针对矢跨比对加劲球壳弹性屈曲性能的影响进行分析。先利用ABAQUS软件对球面薄壳进行屈曲分析,验证有限元分析的可靠性;再建立跨度恒定矢高变化的加劲球壳的有限元缩尺模型,分析弹性屈曲临界荷载与矢跨比之间的关系。研究结果表明,当环向与经向加劲肋间距比值在2.55-3.65范围内,屈曲临界荷载与矢跨比呈正相关关系。有效地增大矢跨比有利于提高其整体稳定性。     

多跨系杆拱桥极限承载力影响因素

为求得多跨系杆拱桥的稳定系数和安全储备,建立了多跨系杆拱桥的空间有限元模型.通过特征值屈曲分析,得到了成桥状态各工况的稳定系数,并分析了横撑刚度和数量对稳定系数的影响.考虑材料非线性和几何非线性的极限承载力分析,得到了成桥状态的活载稳定系数和恒载稳定系数,并分析了风荷载、温度作用、荷载布置和初始缺陷对稳定系数的影响.分析结果表明,特征值屈曲分析可以提供结构极限承载力的合理估计,横撑刚度对结构稳定系数的影响较横撑数量的影响要大;极限承载力分析过程中主拱四分点部位和跨中部位首先进入塑性状态,静风荷载对结构稳定系数的影响较温度作用和初始缺陷的影响要大.     

椭圆开孔层合板剪切屈曲仿真预报

为预测不同纤维角度铺层复合材料层合板在中心不同椭圆尺寸开孔下剪切承载能力,利用有限元软件包进行仿真分析.通过改变纤维角度铺层方式和开孔几何参数,得到层合板屈曲载荷变化规律.结果表明(0/90)4和(-45/45)4层合板屈曲特征值随椭圆偏轴角θ=45°对称分布,(-15/75)4和(-30/60)4随θ=45°反对称分布,这主要由于其纤维铺层角度与载荷矢量方向成对称和反对称分布.此外,仿真得到最优椭圆开孔偏轴角度θ为0°,其剪切屈曲特征值随不同椭圆尺寸(c/a=0.1,0.2,0.3)增大而线性减小等规律,这是因为c/a增大扩大了椭圆开孔面积,从而减小了层合板的承载能力.本文最后采用四杆夹具结构进行对角拉伸进行静态加载实验,仿真计算结果和实验屈曲临界值吻合.     

大型风力发电叶片变形的摄像测量方法研究

将摄像测量方法应用于大型风力发电叶片力学实验的变形测量中.叶片在发生大幅度整体变形的同时发生微小的屈曲变形,这给测量带来了很多问题,为此提出并联式组网测量的方法.固定像机大视场远距离交会测量整体变形;相对固定的立体像机小视场近距离交会测量叶片上每个长约3m的局部段的屈曲变形,并且跟随叶片上待测量区域移动.所有像机并联式组网,同步触发.测量过程中的关键技术还有像机标定和畸变校正、格网点和黑白标志块的高精度半自动提取、坐标系的统一等.实验结果表明:整体变形的测量精度优于0.5mm,屈曲变形中网格点三维坐标的测量精度优于0.1mm;系统搭建相对简便、测量内容丰富、范围广、精度高、且能供事后处理和分析.     

圆柱壳限制失稳的实验研究

采用高分子高弹性材料Mylar薄膜制作衬壳,其外侧的刚性限制为钢制圆柱筒壳,两端用加强环压紧以模拟边界条件。用气压加载模拟圆柱壳受周向均匀压力,观察衬壳的屈曲过程,同时测量衬壳的临界载荷。实验测量结果与有限元计算的结果符合较好。另外还通过人为制造不同初始缺陷和变换不同壳体长度,研究了限制失稳临界载荷与初始缺陷及不同长度的关系。结果表明圆柱薄衬壳受侧向外压的限制失稳临界载荷比自由失稳临界载荷有很大提高。     

Coupled mechanics and finite element for non‐linear laminated piezoelectric shallow shells undergoing large displacements and rotations

A theoretical framework is presented for analysing the coupled non‐linear response of shallow doubly curved adaptive laminated piezoelectric shells undergoing large displacements and rotations. The formulated mechanics incorporate coupling between in‐plane and flexural stiffness terms due to geometric curvature, coupling between mechanical and electric fields, and encompass geometric non‐linearity effects due to large displacements and rotations. The governing equations are formulated explicitly in orthogonal curvilinear co‐ordinates and are combined with the kinematic assumptions of a mixed‐field shear‐layerwise shell laminate theory. Based on the above formulation, a finite element methodology together with an incremental‐iterative technique, based on Newton–Raphson method is formulated. An eight‐node coupled non‐linear shell element is also developed. Various evaluation cases on laminated curved beams and cylindrical panels illustrate the capability of the shell finite element to predict the complex non‐linear behaviour of active shell structures including buckling, which is not captured by linear shell models. The numerical results also show the inherent capability of piezoelectric shell structures to actively induce large displacements through piezoelectric actuators, by jumping between multiple equilibrium states. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Study on the Buckling Behaviour of Strips and Plates with Residual Stresses

During and after rolling or flattening of metal strips and plates the permissible deviations from flatness are described by the permissible absolute wave height and the flatness index. Both values can be determined on a measuring table while the material is not subjected to global tension. Because this procedure is expensive, time‐consuming and allows measurement only at discrete positions along the strip length, on‐line flatness measuring systems are used which can detect the distribution of longitudinal tensile stresses distributed across the strip width allowing for the calculation of the flatness index. This value does not always agree with the value obtained directly by measuring on the table even when the measurement of the longitudinal tensile stress distribution operates perfectly. It can be shown that the measurement of the tensile stress distribution does not give a direct indication on the wave height in the tension‐free state determined on the measuring table. To explain the relationship between tensile stress distribution in the strip and the flatness measurement on the measuring table, the buckling behavior is analysed both with and without dead load for simple symmetrical residual stress distributions resulting, e.g., from the rolling process. Based on the knowledge of the distribution of the longitudinal residual stresses across the strip width, the flatness index and the wave height can be determined by using a specialized finite element model. If the direct measurement is performed under action of dead load, large differences between the directly and indirectly obtained flatness index are observed. Below a certain limit of the intensity of the residual stress distribution the strips and plates lie flat on the measuring table. Above this limit the strip lying on the table exhibits post‐bucking deformations. In the latter case, the wave height increases with strip thickness and intensity of residual stresses.     

热过屈曲正交异性圆(环)板的自由振动响应

基于vonKármán薄板几何非线性理论,建立了以中面位移为基本未知量的加热极正交异性圆板轴对称大挠度动力学控制方程。然后,将控制方程的响应分解为热过屈曲静态解和振动解两部分,并在小振幅振动假设下得到了板在热过屈曲静平衡构形附近自由振动的线性微分方程。最后,采用打靶法获得了板在热过屈曲前后的固有频率与升温参数之间的特征关系曲线。结果表明,周边面内约束板的前两阶固有频率在热屈曲前随着温度升高而降低,而一旦板进入过屈曲平衡状态,前两阶频率都随着升温而单调增加。