开展技术交流 参与国际竞争——EuroMold 2002参展考察纪行

介绍了2002年欧洲国际模具技术展览会的概况、模具技术的新发展和中国模具工业参展考察团考察欧洲一些相关公司的情况 ,指出中国模具企业应在国际竞争中求发展 ,在发展中不断缩小与国际先进水平的差距     

基于Cournot-Bertrand 混合竞争的企业集团转移定价决策

研究多部门企业集团在最终产品市场面临Cournot-Bertrand 混合竞争时的转移定价决策问题. 由动态博弈的逆向归纳求解方法可知, 均衡转移定价策略将随着最终产品之间的关系而有所差异. 当竞争对手仅生产最终产品时, 最优转移价格高于边际成本, 且采用价格-产量竞争优于产量-价格竞争; 当竞争对手为垂直一体化企业时, 采用产量-价格竞争的最优转移价格高于边际成本, 采用价格-产量竞争则低于边际成本, 而且采用产量-价格竞争优于价格-产量竞争.

     

深化高职软件外包服务专业校企合作办学的思考

高职院校软件外包服务专业的开设,需要软件企业的紧密合作才能做好。但在现实运行中,二者由于观念、体制、利益等多方面原因,导致合作中存在诸多问题。文章从健全校企合作体制机制和完善人才培养模式两方面出发,探讨深化软件外包服务专业校企合作的有益对策。     

Territorial targeting in EU private law

In a series of rulings given in the last few years, the Court of Justice of the European Union (EU) has made use of the concept of targeting by a trader of a particular territorial market as a device for determining the scope of European legislation on private law. The concept is of particular importance in the context of trading activities conducted by means of the Internet, though its significance is not confined to such activities. In particular, the European Court has used the concept of targeting for the purpose of restricting the substantive ambit of intellectual property rights created or harmonised by EU legislation. On the other hand, it has avoided use of the concept of targeting in the context of EU legislation allocating jurisdiction between the courts of the Member States, even in respect of disputes involving intellectual property, except where a legislative text specifically invokes such a concept. The instant paper endeavours to review the position as currently established by the European case-law, and to predict the likely further developments.     

Guiding Attention by Cooperative Cues

A common assumption in visual attention is based on the rationale of ＂limited capacity of information processing＂. From this view point there is little consideration of how different information channels or modules are cooperating because cells in processing stages are forced to compete for the limited resource. To examine the mechanism behind the cooperative behavior of information channels, a computational model of selective attention is implemented based on two hypotheses. Unlike the traditional view of visual attention, the cooperative behavior is assumed to be a dynamic integration process between the bottom-up and top-down information. Furthermore, top-down information is assumed to provide a contextual cue during selection process and to guide the attentional allocation among many bottom-up candidates. The result from a series of simulation with still and video images showed some interesting properties that could not be explained by the competitive aspect of selective attention alone.     

WiFi接口的IAD内部带宽控制策略

近年来在一些国家新出现了运营商测试大区域内部署无线局域网的情况,而在较大范围内部署WIFI网络上提供语音和数据,使用IAD（综合接入设备）能够给运营带来极大的便利。IAD其内部存在着语音和数据流量的带宽竞争关系,其控制策略在不同应用模式下尤其在加入WiFi接口后有所不同,用以保证语音质量不受到突发数据或者带宽波动较大等情况影响。介绍了带WiFi接口的综合接入设备在Wifi网络中的应用,和在产品研发过程中为解决IAD内部的语音和数据流量竞争和分流控制所采取的一系列策略,在测试环境中实施这些控制策后无论带宽竞争是在通话过程中还是先有数据流量的情况下都能实现给语音流量合理分配带宽。     

群体间竞争与协作的遗传算法解决旅行商问题

旅行商问题是经典的NP难组合优化问题之一,快速有效地解决旅行商问题具有重要的理论和实际意义。受自然界物种群体间相互联系的启发,提出了群体间竞争与协作的遗传算法来解决旅行商问题。该算法在迭代的过程中,每次只选择竞争力大的种群进行进化,同时为了维持各个种群间发展的平衡,对它们进行周期性的交流,能促使进化过程中中好的基因模式迅速地在各个种群中传播,提高了整体的进化速度。此算法不但能有效地维持群体的多样性,而且能提高收敛的速度。通过对旅行商问题的仿真实验,证明了该算法的可行性与有效性。     

Optimizing the Oxygen-Catalytic Performance of Zn–Mn–Co Spinel by Regulating the Bond Competition at Octahedral Sites

By using the more electro-negative Mn³⁺ ion to partially replace Co³⁺ at the octahedral site of spinel ZnCo₂O₄, i.e., forming ternary Zn–Mn–Co spinel oxide, the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction/evolution activity is found to be significantly increased. Considering the physical characterization and theoretical calculations, it demonstrated that the bond competition played a key role in regulating the cobalt valence state and the electrocatalytic activity. The partial replacement of octahedral-site-occupied Co³⁺ by Mn³⁺ can effectively modulate the adjacent Co–O bond and induce the Jahn–Teller effect, thus changing the originally stable crystal structure and optimizing the binding strength between the active center and reaction intermediates. Certainly, the Mn-substituted ZnMn_1.4Co_0.6O₄/NCNTs exhibit higher electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity than that of ZnCo₂O₄/NCNTs and ZnMn₂O₄/NCNTs, supporting that the Co–O bond covalency determines the ORR activity of spinel ZnCo₂O₄. This study offers the competition between adjacent Co–O and Mn–O bonds via the B_Oh–O–B_Oh edge-sharing geometry. The ion substitution at octahedral sites by less electronegative cations can be a new and effective way to improve the electrocatalytic performance of cobalt-based spinel oxides.     

用于放疗量传的照射量、空气比释动能和水吸收剂量量值体系比较

用照射量和空气比释动能校准的电离室进行剂量测量时,依据IAEA TRS 277报告,需要经历四级量值转换过程,不确定度也较大,但目前仍是国内使用的量值体系.我国正在建立60Co γ射线以及高能光子下的水吸收剂量基准装置并进行国际比对,之后将拥有水吸收剂量的量值复现的能力.在60Co γ射线参考辐射场和加速器高能X射线辐射场下,使用NE2571和NE2570/1A、PTW TW30013和PTW UNIDOS两套电离室剂量仪,分别按照277和398报告的要求计算并比较2种方法计算出的水吸收剂量值,从而验证了277报告和398报告的一致性.