连铸中间包内三维湍流流动的数值模拟

连铸中间包的操作条件决定了其内流动现象的复杂性，为此，本文选择两种不同的湍流模型ｋ－ε和ＬＥＳ（Ｌａｒｇｅｅｄｄｙｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ），建立了描述连铸中间包内三维湍流流动的数学模型，并实施了数值计算和模型验证，对单流中间包内的流动现象进行了描述，考察了有，无流动控制情况下中间包内的流动特征和湍流模型的合理性，结果表明，合理的流动控制有利于中间包内非金属夹杂的上浮和吸附，用ｋ－ε模型基本上能够描述     

方柱体镦粗的两个新力学模型

在对平板间镦粗圆柱体的研究［１，２，３］基础上，进一步对普通平板间的方柱体镦粗，进行了工程力学的分析，提出了二个新力学模型，并进行了实验验证。这为形成新的拔长理论［４，６］奠定了力学基础。     

应用人工神经网络理论建立热粘塑性材料的本构关系

本文将人工神经网络（ＡＮＮ）用于建立热粘塑性材料的本构关系，意在探索出一种描述材料变形力学行为的新方法。文中给出了应用人工神经网络建立热粘塑性材料本构关系的ＢＰ模型和学习算法过程，并应用于４５号钢在高温和高速变形条件下的流动应力计算。计算结果与实测结果比较表明，二者吻合良好。因此，应用人工神经网络建立热粘塑性材料的本构关系具有重要的工程应用价值。     

影响大用户产业接入的电网关键因素研究

从电力公司角度构建了全方面、多维度的电网影响因素体系,由此对地区四大典型新兴产业的电网接入情况进行研究。结合改进的主成分分析法与基于时间效应改进的灰色关联度模型计算各影响因素与四类典型大用户产业落户情况之间的信息量值以及关联度大小。综合模型计算所得到的结果确定不同产业中各指标的影响权重和影响比例。从而根据影响指标等级划分表确定不同类型产业的主要电力影响因素,在大用户电网接入规划中能够对主要影响指标采取针对性措施,实现在改善电网以加强大用户接入适应程度的同时,保证电网投资收益的正常运行。     

一种参数化永磁同步电机模拟器设计

针对传统电驱动系统测试方案中存在的系统复杂、硬件成本高、灵活性低等问题,设计了一种参数化永磁同步电机(PMSM)模拟器。建立了PMSM的参数化模型,在此基础上进行了电机模拟器电力电子装置拓扑结构及控制策略的设计。通过MATLAB/Simulink平台进行系统仿真分析,验证了在不同工况及驱动器故障时利用电力电子装置模拟实际电机端口特性的可行性及有效性,为电机模拟器的应用奠定了基础。     

The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Model: A New In Vivo Tool to Evaluate Breast Cancer Stem Cell Activity

The high plasticity of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) allows them to differentiate and proliferate, specifically when xenotransplanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice. CSCs are highly tumorigenic, even when inoculated in small numbers. Thus, in vivo limiting dilution assays (LDA) in mice are the current gold standard method to evaluate CSC enrichment and activity. The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a low cost, naturally immune-incompetent and reproducible model widely used to evaluate the spontaneous growth of human tumor cells. Here, we established a CAM-LDA assay able to rapidly reproduce tumor specificities—in particular, the ability of the small population of CSCs to form tumors. We used a panel of organotropic metastatic breast cancer cells, which show an enrichment in a stem cell gene signature, enhanced CD44⁺/CD24^−/low cell surface expression and increased mammosphere-forming efficiency (MFE). The size of CAM-xenografted tumors correlate with the number of inoculated cancer cells, following mice xenograft growth pattern. CAM and mice tumors are histologically comparable, displaying both breast CSC markers CD44 and CD49f. Therefore, we propose a new tool for studying CSC prevalence and function—the chick CAM-LDA—a model with easy handling, accessibility, rapid growth and the absence of ethical and regulatory constraints.     

Equivalent model of multi-type distributed generators under faults with fast-iterative calculation method based on improved PSO algorithm

There are various types of distributed generators (DGs) with diferent grid integration strategies. The transient char? acteristics of the fault currents provided by the DGs are diferent to those of conventional synchronous generators. In this paper, a distribution network with multi-type DGs is investigated, including consideration of DG low-voltage ride through (LVRT). The fault current characteristics of two typical DGs, i.e. an inverter-interfaced distributed generator (IIDG) and a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), are analyzed, considering the specifc operation modes. Based on analysis of the fault characteristics, an equivalent model of the multi-type DGs under symmetrical/asymmetrical fault conditions is established. A fast-iterative fault calculation method for enhancing the calculation efciency while avoid? ing local convergence is then proposed using an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. A simula? tion system of the distribution network with multi-type DGs is established in PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation results validate the high accuracy and calculation efciency of the proposed calculation method of the fault components. This can assist in the settings of the protection threshold.     

Prediction of Functional Consequences of Missense Mutations in ANO4 Gene

The anoctamin (TMEM16) family of transmembrane protein consists of ten members in vertebrates, which act as Ca²⁺-dependent ion channels and/or Ca²⁺-dependent scramblases. ANO4 which is primarily expressed in the CNS and certain endocrine glands, has been associated with various neuronal disorders. Therefore, we focused our study on prioritizing missense mutations that are assumed to alter the structure and stability of ANO4 protein. We employed a wide array of evolution and structure based in silico prediction methods to identify potentially deleterious missense mutations in the ANO4 gene. Identified pathogenic mutations were then mapped to the modeled human ANO4 structure and the effects of missense mutations were studied on the atomic level using molecular dynamics simulations. Our data show that the G80A and A500T mutations significantly alter the stability of the mutant proteins, thus providing new perspective on the role of missense mutations in ANO4 gene. Results obtained in this study may help to identify disease associated mutations which affect ANO4 protein structure and function and might facilitate future functional characterization of ANO4.     

PACAP-38 in Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Humans and Pigs: A Translational Study

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a cardioprotective neuropeptide expressing its receptors in the cardiovascular system. The aim of our study was to examine tissue PACAP-38 in a translational porcine MI model and plasma PACAP-38 levels in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Significantly lower PACAP-38 levels were detected in the non-ischemic region of the left ventricle (LV) in MI heart compared to the ischemic region of MI-LV and also to the Sham-operated LV in porcine MI model. In STEMI patients, plasma PACAP-38 level was significantly higher before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to controls, and decreased after PCI. Significant negative correlation was found between plasma PACAP-38 and troponin levels. Furthermore, a significant effect was revealed between plasma PACAP-38, hypertension and HbA1c levels. This was the first study showing significant changes in cardiac tissue PACAP levels in a porcine MI model and plasma PACAP levels in STEMI patients. These results suggest that PACAP, due to its cardioprotective effects, may play a regulatory role in MI and could be a potential biomarker or drug target in MI.     

基于主动学习Kriging模型的地下管线抗震可靠度分析

为提升地下承插式接口铸铁管线抗震可靠度的计算效率,提出基于主动学习Kriging代理模型的Monte Carlo模拟方法(AK-MCS)进行地下管线抗震可靠度计算。采用梁单元模拟管线结构,均布弹簧反映管土相互作用,接口弹簧模拟邻接管道约束作用,建立了地下管线地震响应分析模型;考虑管线接口允许位移、管线埋深、土体容重和内摩擦角等模型参数随机性的影响,以管线接口位移量为安全准则,采用主动学习Kriging模型方法建立管线接口位移响应与随机变量参数关系的代理模型,从而获得管线接口安全状态。算例结果表明,AK-MCS法计算得到的管线失效概率与传统Monte Carlo模拟计算的结果相对误差在5%以内,且AK-MCS法计算时间约为传统Monte Carlo模拟计算时间的2%。因此在进行管线可靠度计算时,主动学习Kriging代理模型方法具有准确性与高效性。