EH40高强度船板Z向拉伸性能分析

利用扫描电镜及能谱仪对EH40的断口形貌、夹杂进行分析,结果表明：硫化物对钢板厚度方向抗层状撕裂性能的影响较大。为满足钢材Z向性能的要求,冶炼过程中应尽量控制硫的含量。     

Microstructure−fracture toughness relationships and toughening mechanism of TC21 titanium alloy with lamellar microstructure

The independent influence of microstructural features on fracture toughness of TC21 alloy with lamellar microstructure was investigated. Triple heat treatments were designed to obtain lamellar microstructures with different parameters, which were characterized by OM and SEM. The size and content of α plates were mainly determined by cooling rate from single β phase field and solution temperature in two-phase field; while the precipitation behavior of secondary α platelets was dominantly controlled by aging temperature in two-phase field. The content and thickness of α plates and the thickness of secondary α platelets were important microstructural features influencing the fracture toughness. Both increasing the content of α plates and thickening α plates (or secondary α platelets) could enhance the fracture toughness of TC21 alloy. Based on energy consumption by the plastic zone of crack tip in α plates, a toughening mechanism for titanium alloys was proposed.     

一种新型的用于红外灵敏探测的低背景光谱仪

提出了一种新型的基于反射光栅干涉仪的低背景光谱仪,当使用工作在背景限制条件下的探测器时,降低背景噪声,有利于提高光谱仪系统的探测率,进而可提高光谱仪的信噪比.由于理想反射镜发射率为零,故其干涉仪组件无黑体辐射.因此,基于低温光源、低温探测器和光栅干涉仪的光谱仪,其探测到的背景辐射大幅降低.进而得到低背景下的探测率实现灵敏探测.理论分析表明随背景辐射的降低,背景限制条件下探测器的探测率可大幅提高.理想情况下,对工作在背景限制下的碲镉汞探测器,当由300 K的背景辐射降至77 K时,其探测率和相应光谱仪的信噪比可提高三个数量级.另外,与之前报导的低温迈克尔逊光谱仪相比,它结构紧凑且无需对干涉仪降温,易于搭建.该设计对红外灵敏探测有重要意义.     

Study on rheology and thermal stability of mixed (nonionic–anionic) surfactant based fracturing fluids

Mixed surfactant systems have gained significant importance in the development of fracturing fluid due to polymorphism of self‐assembly structures that have combined properties of the surfactants in the mixture. In this article, a comparative study on the phase behavior and viscoelastic properties of mixed surfactant based fluids, prepared from Tween 80+NaOA/2‐ethyl hexanol/clove oil/water and Tween 20+NaOA/2‐ethyl hexanol/clove oil/water quaternary system is investigated in details. The viscoelastic surfactant (VES) based fluids prepared from the former system offered superior rheological properties than the latter system. The addition of 0.1% NaOH and 500 ppm ZnO nano‐particles in the VES fluids presented enhanced viscoelastic properties as concluded by static and dynamic rheological tests. Miscibility test indicated the miscibility of the VES fluids with water, unlike in the presence of diesel oil and satisfactory proppant suspension capabilities were exhibited by the developed fluids. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2177–2187, 2016     

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP): A versatile and forceful tool for functional membranes

The progress in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) provides an effective means for the design and preparation of functional membranes. Polymeric membranes with different macromolecular architectures applied in fuel cells, including block and graft copolymers are conveniently prepared via ATRP. Moreover, ATRP has also been widely used to introduce functionality onto the membrane surface to enhance its use in specific applications, such as antifouling, stimuli-responsive, adsorption function and pervaporation. In this review, the recent design and synthesis of advanced functional membranes via the ATRP technique are discussed in detail and their especial advantages are highlighted by selected examples extract the principles for preparation or modification of membranes using the ATRP methodology.     

超声波辅助插层-剥离法制备煤系高岭土微粉的研究

我国煤系高岭土储量丰富,为满足造纸、纺织等行业个性化的需求,通常要对其进行深加工。以山西朔州煤系高岭土为原料,分别在恒温磁力搅拌和超声波作用下探究了煤系高岭土/二甲基亚砜(DMSO)插层复合物制备的最佳条件,在插层复合物的基础上对煤系高岭土进行超声辅助剥离,制备得到高岭土微粉,并利用XRD、SEM、BET、TG-DSC等方法分析表征样品。正交实验结果表明在磁力搅拌条件下DMSO用量、插层时间以及插层温度均对插层率具有一定的影响,引入超声波有利于高岭土插层率的提升。插层复合物经超声辅助剥离后晶粒厚度明显减小,高岭土片层状结构大体上呈现碎片化,仅保留少部分大的片状结构,其边缘碎化,整体上也出现碎裂的趋势。剥离样品的比表面积和孔径均大幅度增加,为硬质高岭土的剥离和超微细粉体的制备提供了新的思路。     

蛭石层状膜的制备及有机溶剂纳滤性能

受全球能源形势与环境问题影响,新型膜分离技术尤其是二维层状膜在分离领域展现出广阔的应用前景。然而,目前使用的二维纳米材料化学环境相对复杂,且膜制备成本高昂,限制了其工业化推广。天然蛭石廉价易得,剥离简单,表面只含有硅羟基且其含量易于调控,可精确调控所制备层状膜层间亲疏水性,实现有机溶剂的高效渗透和极性与非极性溶剂的高效分离。研究发现：蛭石层状膜展现出优异的极性溶剂分子传递能力,而非极性溶剂则相对较低,其中乙腈分子渗透性高达1650L/（m²·h·bar)（1bar=0.1MPa）,甲苯分子渗透性仅为37.8L/（m²·h·bar),乙腈与甲苯的分离因子高达43.6,展现出优异的分子分离性能。本文所制备蛭石层状膜具有1.36nm的规则平直层间传递通道,对分子动力学直径大于层间距的结晶紫（1.5nm）、亮蓝（1.6nm）、酸性黄14（1.9nm）等染料分子的截留率均大于90%,截留性能优良。同时,蛭石层状膜具有良好的压力循环稳定性及抗污染能力, 展现出巨大的分离应用潜力。     

定向凝固TiAl-Nb合金的显微组织控制与力学性能(英文)

合金的片层组织。由于合金定向凝固过程中发生完全包晶转变,在枝晶固液生长界面条件下,即可获得片层方向与生长方向成0°或45°夹角的多孪晶合成晶体(PST)。在适当的生长条件下,当片层方向与生长方向平行的片层团在二次定向凝固过程中发生籽晶作用时,可以控制PST晶体内部的片层方向仅与生长方向平行。合金中低含量B的加入会导致非包晶α相的生长,从而不利于控制片层方向。定向凝固TiAl-Nb合金中存在较大的氧化钇颗粒与条状硼化物颗粒,导致其室温拉伸延伸率仅接近2%。     

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 本文通过拉伸试验研究了铸造TiAl合金单一取向层片组织在缺口应力集中系数分别为2、3和4时的缺口敏感性。发现,该合金在沿层片界面方向的应力作用下,对应各Kt水平的缺口试样均具有大于光滑试样的抗拉强度,且其缺口敏感系数相当;并根据该合金具有较好的拉伸塑性和缺口拉伸断口上存在裂纹萌生和稳态扩展区域的特征,分析讨论了其形成缺口强化效应的机制。     

片层厚度对双相TiAl合金力学性能影响的纳米压痕分子动力学研究

为研究纳米压痕过程中片层厚度和γ/α2相界对双相TiAl合金变形行为及力学性能的影响,本文针对5种不同厚度的双相TiAl合金模型,采用分子动力学的方法模拟计算了金刚石压头以垂直于γ/α2相界方向分别压入γ和α2相的纳米压痕过程。结果表明：材料的硬度随片层厚度的减小而增大,当片层厚度减小至7nm时,材料的硬度达到最大值,进一步减小片层厚度时,材料的硬度反而减小。材料的弹性模量也会随片层厚度的变化而改变,与硬度呈现正比关系。此外,在纳米压痕过程中,压头压入γ相时,变形行为以{111}面的层错为主,γ/α2相界会阻碍位错的运动;压头压入α2相时,变形行为以(0001)基面的堆垛层错为主,基面上Shockley不全位错的运动会导致材料表面产生相变,且棱柱面滑移被激活。