Microstructure of Zn-2%Cu Alloy Under Laser Rapid Melting—Solidification

利用5kW连续波CO2激光器对Zn-2％Cu包晶合金进行了表面快速熔凝实验研究，扫描速率从6mm／s至1207mm／s．随着凝固速率的提高，该合金微观组织形态由低速平界面向层片状组织、浅胞晶直至高速绝对稳定平界面转变．实验结果表明，该合金微观组织演化规律与利用林鑫等的数值模型和Jackson—Hunt的共晶模型相结合所得到的界面响应函数作出的预测结果吻合较好．     

Lamellar boundary alignment of DS-processed TiAl−W alloys by a solidification procedure

In this study, a β solidification procedure was used to align the lamellae in a Ti-47Al-2W (at.%) alloy parallel to the growth direction. The Bridgman technique and the floating zone process were used for directional solidification. The mechanical properties of the directionally solidified alloy were evaluated in tension at room temperature and at 800°C. At a growth rate of 30 mm/h (with the floating zone approach), the lamellae were well aligned parallel to the growth direction. The aligned lamellae yielded excellent room temperature tensile ductility. The tensile yield strength at 800°C was similar to that at room temperature. The orientation of the γ lamellar laths in the directionally solidified ingots, which were manufactured by means of a floating zone process, was identified with the aid of electron backscattered diffraction analysis. On the basis of this analysis, the preferred growth direction of the bcc-β dendrites that formed at high temperatures close to the melting point was inferred to be [001]_β at a growth rate of 30 mm/h and [111]_β at a growth rate of 90 mm/h.     

层状溶致液晶中纳米羟基磷灰石的合成

在一定的pH值条件下,将Ca(NO3)2和(NH4)2HPO4分别溶于C34H62O11(聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚)/C8H17OH/H2O体系层状溶致液晶溶剂层中,混合并经陈化即可在溶剂层中生成具有一定微观形貌的羟基磷灰石纳米粒子(HA),其直径可以达到10 nm,长度在100 nm以下.产物在不同温度下焙烧,分别用FTIR,XRD和TEM等对产物的结构及形貌进行分析表征.对不同反应物浓度条件下所得HA的微观形貌进行分析对比,并提出了改善团聚的有效措施.     

磨削表面粗糙度对γ-TiAl合金抗弯强度的影响

为了研究表面加工质量对硬脆性高温合金抗弯性能的影响,对不同磨削表面粗糙度的全片层γ-TiAl(Ti-47.5Al-2.5V-1.0Cr)合金进行了抗弯性能试验,分析了表面粗糙度对其抗弯强度的影响规律。试验结果表明,随着表面粗糙度的增大,全片层γ-TiAl合金的抗弯强度明显降低。结合断裂形貌图分析了全片层γ-TiAl合金组织中裂纹的萌生、扩展及最终发生宏观断裂的方式,全片层γ-TiAl合金裂纹大多起裂于因加工纹理引起的应力集中区域附近的片层间,并优先在层间扩展,最终的断裂形式多为穿层的脆性瞬断。     

β单相区固溶温度对Ti-55531合金组织及性能的影响

研究了β单相区不同的固溶温度对Ti-55531合金片层组织参数及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,经不同温度固溶处理,再经相同的时效处理后,合金的β晶粒尺寸随固溶温度的改变而改变,进而影响时效析出α片的含量及尺寸,最终导致合金力学性能的差异。当固溶温度在830～900℃之间时,随着固溶温度的升高,原始β晶粒尺寸增大,后续时效析出的α片长、宽及长宽比均先增大后减小,合金强度直线下降,塑性先降低后增加。固溶温度为860℃时,合金对应的强度塑性匹配最好。合金的断裂失效机制为以微孔聚集为主,沿晶开裂和穿晶断裂并存的混合断裂机制。     

海洋钻井平台升降腿焊接工艺及抗层状撕裂性能的研究

随着海洋钻井平由浅海向深海转移,海洋平台升降腿高度不断增加,所用材料的强度级别也越来越高.海洋平台升降腿采用屈服强度为690MPa的Z向钢制造.研究二氧化碳气体保护焊和焊条电弧焊这两种不同焊接方法的焊接工艺和焊接变形,焊接接头的组织及力学,性能母材的的层状撕裂敏感性等.通过试验对比,选择合理的焊接方法和焊接材料,制订合理的焊接工艺,为海洋平台升降腿的制造提供试验和理论依据.     

结构型重垢洗认液的研究

参考液晶原理，选用价格全家的常见表面活性剂和无机盐助剂，经实验室配方实验和中间放大试验，研制出了结构型重垢洗衣液，其无机盐含量达27%，阴离子和非离子表面活性剂为18%，去污力比值不低于1.4，外观洁白细腻，自然存放二年未见变化，粘度（25℃）为0.98Pa.s。实验结果表明，该结构型重垢洗衣液稳定性好，易流动，性能价格比优，具有较强的市场竞争力。     

利用多酰基硅酸乙酯制备有机-无机层状材料及表征

用含不同取代数的硬脂酰基硅酸乙酯制备了有机-无机层状材料,利用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)进行表征,结果表明,含有3种取代数目的硬脂酰基硅酸乙酯的水解产物都具有典型的层状结构,同时随着长碳链酰基的数目增加,2θ向小角方向移动,层状材料的层间距变大,并对酰基链的排列方式进行了初步探讨.     

Moisturizing effect of vesicles formed from monoglycerides on human skin

The moisturizing effect of vesicles formed from monoglycerides on human skin was studied by measurement of conductance on and transepidermal waterloss from the skin surface. Although sonication of the monoglycerides in water with Ca2+ gave multilamellar vesicles, the lamellar structure of the vesicles disappeared during their storage without any other additive. With the addition of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) after the sonication, the stability of the vesicles increased and their lamellar structure was maintained for 3 months at 40 degrees C. These vesicles led to a significantly higher water content of the stratum corneum of human skin compared with non-lamellar monoglyceride, and consequently they improved rough human skin.