Multi-scale land-use disaggregation modelling: Concept and application to EU countries

Changes of carbon stocks in agricultural soils, emissions of greenhouse gases from agriculture, and the delivery of ecosystem services of agricultural landscapes depend on combinations of land-use, livestock density, farming practices, climate and soil types. Many environmental processes are highly non-linear. If the analysis of the environmental impact is based on data at a relatively coarse-scale (e.g. farm, country, or large administrative regions), conclusions can be misleading. For an accurate assessment of agri-environmental indicators, data of agricultural activities and their dynamics are needed at high spatial resolution. In this paper, we develop and validate a spatial model for predicting the agricultural land-use areas within the homogenous spatial units (HSUs). For the EU-28 countries, we distinguish about 1.5 × 10⁵ HSUs and we consider 30 possible land-uses to match with the classification used in the Common Agricultural Policy Regionalized Impact (CAPRI) model. The comparison of model predictions with independent observations and with a simple rule-based approach at HSU level demonstrates that the predictions are generally accurate in more than 75 % of HSUs. The frequent crops or land-use are better predicted. For non-frequent crops and/or crops requiring specific cultivation conditions, the model needs further fine-tuning.     

产业链作用下的小微产业村镇“产、城关联”用地模式探讨——以福建省茶叶加工产业村镇为例

小微制造型企业是我国村镇经济的重要基础。此类产业与村镇用地适当混合能更好支持企业、拉动村镇经济、提升村镇特色和活力。研究和推广该模式,对探索小微产业用地模式创新、发展特色产业村镇及加强城镇化过程的产业支撑有积极意义。在梳理相关理论的基础上,提出"产城关联用地"的概念及相应的中观、微观视角(以区别于以宏观视角的"分区规划"为核心的传统"产城一体化"研究),以福建省茶叶产业村镇为样本案例,采用网格聚类法进行用地特征统计,归纳此类小微产业村镇用地的主要特征和趋势,希望为研究小微产业村镇关联用地模式的一般规律打下基础。     

基于用地混合熵的城市交通生成预测模型

以城市规划年土地利用为切入点,以土地利用规模、性质以及片区土地利用混合度为基础,采用回归分析方法,得到不同用地的出行吸引权重,并引入用地混合熵的概念,建立了城市交通生成预测模型模型应用于陕西西安市主城区规划年需求预测分析,预测结果表明：不同片区的用地混合程度会导致需求的差异性;除雁塔区以外,其他四个交通大区出行发生量与吸引量误差均在±5％以内,具有较好的可行性和可靠性．     

Water-sensitive planning: integrating water considerations into urban and regional planning

Water-sensitive planning (WSP) is an approach to sustainable development that integrates water considerations into urban and regional planning. Following a literature survey and a condensed report of our 15 years of studies, the paper presents WSP's goals, domains, principles and practices and the paradigms that underpin them, with special attention to stormwater management. It encompasses all planning scales, from the building lot to the catchment area. The paper ends with suggested generic planning principles that evolved with the growth of WSP but are intended to also serve other domains of planning for sustainable development.     

三峡库区城镇土地利用结构优化探析

三峡库区正处于快速城镇化的关键时期，城镇规模急剧膨胀，城镇建设占用大量土地，土地资源短缺与人们生存需要的矛盾日益突出，这已严重影响到库区城镇的经济、社会、生态环境的可持续发展目标的实现。针对三库区城镇化进程中出现的土地利用问题，提出了优化土地利用结构，走内涵集约型土地利用的途径，以期协调城镇建设与土地资源保护的关系，并进一步分析了优化土地利用结构的动力机制及对策措施。     

城市土地利用变化及影响评价模型

土地可持续利用研究日益成为土地科学的研究热点,城市土地可持续利用问题也越来越受到人们的关注。本文通过土地可持续利用研究的内容、基本特点及方法的讨论,简单介绍土地利用演化及影响评价模型(LEAM)的基本原理、方法及其优点,认为应加强对环境、社会经济因素、城市土地利用变化和环境影响之间的内在联系的认识和探讨,将生态系统中的新理论、新工具、新的研究方法应用于城市生态模型建立中,有利于深化我们对城市土地利用变化的理解和认识。     

Farming ruins: a landscape study of incremental urbanisation

This study demonstrates a need for landscape studies of urbanisation in which the slow process of ruination and reuse is considered. The paper argues that a focus on maintenance and repair facilitate symmetrical studies in which the dismantling of former uses and the establishment of new activities and regulations are examined as an incremental process. This is illustrated here using the case study of a contested development project at the fringe of town Skurup, Sweden. The study traces partial dependencies of past planning, arguing that current farms have been successively separated from their previous networks of farming and, in the process, have become entangled in a complex interdependency of urban growth strategies dating back to the 1970s. The case provides a richer understanding of the contested landscape; it demonstrates the insufficiency of new growth boundaries, but also the potential to re-assemble the place, whether for farming or sustainable urban development.     

The evolution process of Chicago’s industrial land-use policy

Despite the industrial restructuring process that occurred between 1970s and 1980s in the Western World, the city of Chicago adopted an innovative land-use industrial policy for curbing the structural decline of manufacturing. The main aim was to preserve living wages manufacturing jobs for the Chicago residents that could not access the service sectors. Chicago’s industrial land-use policy experience, both in its historical and future perspectives, is an interesting top-down municipal policy that shows how the relationship between land-use planning and manufacturing shapes the city not only in spatial terms but also in social and economical terms.     

就地产过热问题谈国家干预在土地利用规划中的现实意义

市场机制和国家干预是当代中国城市土地利用规划不可或缺的两个方面,文章围绕房地产及住宅问题探讨国家干预在土地利用规划中的作用和意义。