Planning and the making of a propertied landscape

Although property is a basic ingredient of planning, its repercussions on the profession have rarely been considered. Building on the critical analysis of property, I argue that planning is giving in to the “property effect,” the unquestioned assumption that natural and built landscapes are propertied. Looking specifically at one case-study of land-use planning in Tibneen (Lebanon), I show planning interventions replicate inequalities embedded in property relations, maintain the dominance of propertied representation of the landscape, and limit possible claims over natural and built landscapes to those formulated within the framework of the ownership model. Consequently, land-use planning determines the possible futures of particular towns and regions through the institutional structures of the property regimes in place and within the historically and geographically contingent political-economies where these regimes operate.     

规划编制和实施过程中的部门协调

国民经济和社会发展规划、城乡规划、土地利用总体规划对我国社会经济发展、空间开发的指导作用举足轻重,其由不同的行政职能部门制定,在目标定位和内容上各有侧重,但内容存在交叉,加上受部门职能分割,在规划制定和实施过程中存在一定冲突。本文试图针对这三项规划,从规划编制的内容、时序实施和项目管理作用等方面,探讨规划编制和实施过程中的部门协调问题。     

土地利用规划与城乡规划差异分析及协调途径探索

以总体规划为例分析了土地利用规划和城乡规划两类规划在编制主体、编制技术标准以及规划期限等层面的差异,以及由此给两类规划实施造成的影响。结合当前规划实际工作,指出需要从法律、技术等层面强化两类规划的衔接。最后,笔者简要介绍了南京在规划管理和实践过程中创新两类规划协调衔接的具体操作方法。     

我国规划建设用地新标准制定的思路探讨

首先分析《城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准(GBJ137-90)》中"规划建设用地标准"的实施效果及存在的主要问题,然后介绍《城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准(GB50137-2011)》的研究过程,包括确立"多元控制"的理念以及通过筛选影响要素、引入规划人口规模和气候区划两个因子共同参与人均用地指标的确定,并在现状基础上进行相应的调整。2011版《标准》的"多元控制"方式,可望对各地城市人均用地指标的控制更加具有针对性和灵活性。     

北京城市空间发展和土地利用—伦敦经验启示

Beijing is facing a huge challenge to manage the growth of its built-up area whilst also retaining both productive arable land and land for conservation purposes in order to simultaneously realize the three aims of economic development, protecting arable land and generating environmental improvements. Meanwhile, London, as a world city with more than 200 years of industrialization and urbanization, has accumulated rich theoretical and practical experiences for land use planning in a major urban area, such as the creation of Garden Cities, a designated Green Belt and New Towns. This paper firstly analyzes the main characteristics of the spatial distribution of the built-up area, arable land and conservation land in Beijing. Then, some of the key aspects of urban fringe planning in the London region are examined. Lastly, several implications from the experience of London are provided with respect to land-use planning for Beijing, concentrating on a re-appraisal of land-use functions around Beijing, measures to improve the green belt, the development of small towns to house rural-urban migrants and urban overspill, and effective implementation of land-use planning.     

聊城市东昌府区土地利用强度变化动态监测

以聊城市东昌府区1990、2000、2006年三幅不同时相的TM影像和其他辅助数据为样本,应用决策树分析方法获得土地利用分类图,通过GIS软件分析了土地利用强度综合指数.结果表明,研究时段土地利用强度指数可定量监测一个区域土地利用变化,是研究土地利用的重要指标.     

城市中购物中心空间布局的优化

在城市内以购物出行的小汽车交通的总距离最短为目标函数,优化购物中心的空间分布．首先,按交通小区计算购物出行的轨道交通和道路交通的分担率,再以购物目的地选择为背景对土地利用和交通的关系建模,从而得到一个优化函数．其次,利用遗传算法求解该优化问题,并探讨了应用遗传算法时碰到的几个问题．最后,通过一个实例计算,验证了该方法的有效性．     

Impacts of land-use change on ecosystem service value in Changsha, China

Changsha, a typical city in central China, was selected as the study area to assess the variations of ecosystem service value on the basis of land-use change. The analysis not only included the whole city but also the urban district where the landscape changed more rapidly in the center of the city. Two LANDSAT TM data sets in 1986 and 2000 and land use data of five urban districts from 1995 to 2005 were used to estimate the changes in the size of six land use categories. Meanwhile, previously published value coefficients were used to detect the changes in the value of ecosystem services delivered by each land category. The result shows that the total value of ecosystem services in Changsha declines from 1 009.28 million per year in 1986 to1 009.28 million per year in 1986 to 938.11 million per year in 2000. This decline is largely attributable to the increase of construction land, and the conversion from woodland and water body to cropland to keep the crop production. In the five districts, there is $6.19 million decline in ecosystem service value between 1995 and 2005. Yuelu District has the highest unit ecosystem service value while Yuhua District has the lowest one. This may be attributed to the greater conversion from cropland and grassland to woodland and water body with the increase of construction land in Yuelu District. It is suggested that the increase rate of construction land should be controlled rigorously and the area of woodland and water body should be increased or at least retained in the study area.     

近20年塔里木河干流生态环境变化遥感监测分析

针对塔里木河流域综合治理后生态环境的变化状况及植被的恢复状况等热点问题,基于遥感时空变化分析方法从土地利用、地表水体和植被覆盖度的时空变化方面分析了近20年来塔里木河干流生态环境的变化状况。结果表明:(1)塔里木河干流土地利用受到人类活动的影响显著,自2000年以来,塔里木河干流耕地面积增加显著,净增2 229 km²,草地面积整体下降,萎缩3 157 km²;(2)综合治理以来,下游河段2009—2018时段水体出现频率明显高于2000—2008时段,水体出现频率提高约15%;(3)2000年以来,塔里木河流域的植被覆盖度持续增加,特别是下游河段植被覆盖度增加明显,覆盖度增加18%。但中、上游流域的植被覆盖度的增加趋势主要贡献来源于耕地,中上游地区耕地的增加仍会对塔里木河流域的生态保护和恢复造成一定的影响。     

Land Redevelopment and the Built Environment in Third-Wave Cities: Review and Synthesis

I seek to synthesize several different approaches to issues of urban land redevelopment and the built environment. The essay focuses on developments in the third and current historical wave of capitalist development. I describe the economic logic of land-use change with reference to both commercial and residential property. This logic has become intimately intertwined with global finance and this state of affairs has introduced new elements of fluidity and risk into the built environment. Issues of urban policy and the role of municipal authorities in shaping urban land markets are then considered. I describe how local government agencies increasingly pursue development projects in complex partnerships with representatives of the real-estate industry. In the second half of the paper, the overall argument is recast by reference to three important trends in regard to land-redevelopment and the built environment in third-wave cities, namely, the economic and architectural renaissance of central business districts, the widespread gentrification of inner-city neighborhoods, and the emergence of a new post-suburban phase of peripheral urban expansion.