阿克苏灌区土地利用格局变化图谱及驱动力分析

利用地学信息图谱方法,以阿克苏灌区3期遥感影像(2006年、2010年、2015年)为基础,合成系列土地利用变化图谱,分析研究区土地利用格局变化规律,并对阿克苏灌区土地利用格局变化进行驱动力分析。结果表明:①2006—2010年,研究区耕地、园地和建设用地面积增加,林地、草地、水域和其他土地面积减少,其中耕地图谱单元增长最多,增加了149 868.54 hm²,主要来源于园地和其他土地;园地的增长速率最快,增长率高达43.08%;②2010—2015年,研究区园地和建设用地呈快速增加趋势,耕地、林地、草地、水域和其他土地面积呈缩减态势,其中园地图谱单元增长最多,增加了59 705.55 hm²,主要来源于耕地;建设用地增长速度最快,增长率高达300.50%;③经济、交通以及人口因素是引起阿克苏灌区建设用地规模快速扩张的主要驱动力。     

公共交通主导下城市住区土地利用规划策略

以能源危机为背景,提出优先发展公共交通策略的迫切性,并总结出中国大中城市公共交通与土地利用发展脱节问题.选取城市住区作为公共交通与土地使用协调发展德空间耦合物,从住区开发强度、功能混合水平、密度梯级开发以及极核廊道发展等方面进行分析和讨论,最后提出适应我国大中城市公共交通发展实际的城市住区土地利用规划策略.     

塔里木河下游土地利用/覆被变化对生态输水的响应

以2000—2015年的遥感影像资料和生态输水数据为基础数据源,利用ENVI和GIS数据分析处理工具,基于时间轨迹分析方法研究塔里木河下游土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)对生态输水的响应。结果表明:2000—2015年的16次、1 670 d间歇性生态输水,使林地和草地分别增加了823个和1 347个像元,耕地、湿地和人工用地分别减少了1 422个、736个和222个像元,其他用地增加了210个像元;植被面积总体上呈扩大趋势,2015年较2000年净增植被面积382.85 km²,人工表面增加356.10 km²;戈壁、裸土、沙漠等其他用地面积共计减少了738.95 km²;土地利用变化主要发生在塔里木河下游两岸的河水漫溢、滞留区,呈现出破碎化、不规则化和复杂化的趋势。     

Land-Use Spatial Optimization Based on PSO Algorithm

The optimization of land-use spatio-structure is one of the most important areas of land use management; constructing a spatial optimization model that is based on the micro spatial unit in a bottom-up mode plays an important role in coupling the quantity structure and spatial structure effectively. The objective of this research is to develop a land use spatial optimization model based on particle swarm optimization to make spatial decision in land use management. The model is implemented using real datasets to emulate the process of spatial structure optimization in order to get the best landscape pattern under the control of decision environments. Simulation results revealed that the particle swarm optimization model has the ability to utilize the quantity and spatial structure. Furthermore, the result demonstrated that it can be used to stimulate the landscape pattern in designing the appropriate optimization environment, which could land quantity target to the basic spatial units effectively and provide appropriate spatio-structure for regional land use space layout decision making.     

公交线路OD反推的结构化模型研究

分析了公交乘客下车的行为,指出站点的用地性质对乘客的下车情况有很大影响;引入吸引权系数,提出了由上下车人数推算单条公交线路OD量的结构化模型算法,并举实例进行了验证．结果表明：该方法方便简单,易于实现,可靠性高．     

Inferring urban land use using the optimised spatial reclassification kernel

In the 1990s, promising results in land-use classification were obtained by kernel-based contextual classification algorithms. Soon, however, it was recognised that kernel-based reclassifiers have important shortcomings and research instead focused on object-based image analysis. This study proposes a solution to two of the most important drawbacks of kernel-based reclassifiers: (1) the use of kernels tends to smooth boundaries between discrete land-use/land-cover parcels, and (2) it is difficult to determine a priori the optimum kernel size of the classifier. The Spatial Reclassification Kernel (SPARK) algorithm has been adapted in order to automatically optimise the kernel size depending on the spatial variation found in the neighbourhood of a pixel to be classified, resulting in the Optimised SPARK (OSPARK) algorithm. The performance of SPARK and OSPARK for land-use classification has been evaluated for the Dublin urban area (Ireland), using a Landsat TM image. The MOLAND land-use map of 1990 was used as a reference. Results show that the use of optimal kernel sizes instead of fixed kernel sizes reduces the omission and commission errors for most land-use classes.     

Integrating strategic environmental assessment into the review process of a development plan in Ireland

Directive 2001/42/EC requires Member States of the European Union to strategically evaluate and address likely significant environmental effects of certain proposed plans and programmes on the environment. The applications of this process in Ireland came into effect with the adoption of SEA regulations in 2004. The experience of integrating SEA into the review of a local area development plan in Ireland is outlined and critically evaluated in this paper. The SEA process is found to have considerable potential in relation to land-use planning, especially insofar as it appears to facilitate and stimulate an enhanced degree of community participation, but the realization of its full benefits is constrained by operational factors, some of which are attributable to a lack of familiarity with this novel process. Failure to provide adequately in the plan review process for the timely consideration of SEA outputs and an apparent reticence on the part of local decision makers to fully engage with SEA appear to be adversely affecting implementation.     

Evaluation of Land-Use Efficiency Based on Regional Scale ——A Case Study in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province

Evaluating land use efficiency is critical to the revision of general land use planning. An assessment indicator system for regional land use efficiency was established in this paper from the aspects of society, economy, ecology and environment. The weight of each indicator was defined by an analytical hierarchy process （AHP） and the entropy method （EM）. Then, a case study in Zhanjiang was carried out to analyze the regional land use efficiency from 1996 to 2004 and its development by using the method of multifactor composite evaluation and an analytical model of the degree of coordination. The results indicate that land use efficiency with respect to society and the economy improved, whereas the ecological and environmental efficiencies were found to decrease. The degree of coordination in Zhanjiang is still at the status of basic coordination. Finally, measures for enhancing the ecological and environmental establishment are suggested in order to improve the regulations of land use structure and patterns, establish ecological forests for the public good and green corridors and prevent the soil erosion.     

土地股份制与农村工业化进程中的土地利用——以顺德为例的研究

在珠江三角洲的快速工业化进程中,自下而上的土地股份制创新对乡村地区的工业发展和减少城乡差距发挥了积极作用,但由于集体土地产权的模糊性和缺乏管制,也存在土地利用零散、低效、无序等问题,使可持续的城市化进程面临挑战。本文以顺德为例,分析了其土地股份制背景下农村地区土地利用的特征和问题,从土地制度创新的角度,提出了完善农村土地利用的政策建议。     

城市用地“3D”发展模式研究——一种基于减少机动化需求的规划理念

基于我国当前城市空间蔓延、功能分区单一以及"以车为本"的场所设计带来的个体机动化出行增加、公共交通效率低下、步行环境欠佳等问题,提出需要建立沿公交走廊的密度点轴结合发展(density)、用地混合多元布局(diversity)以及步行友好场所设计(design)的用地"3D"发展模式,以减少机动化出行需求。在此思路下,借鉴香港地区轨道沿线用地发展经验,研究香港实现"3D"模式的具体方法与措施,并以广州花都CBD为例,运用"3D"理念,对花都CBD内轨道沿线的用地密度、混合度、场所进行规划设计,以探索城市用地"3D"发展模式在我国发展的适应性。