卷绕铅酸电池泡沫铅负极电化学行为的研究

以泡沫铅作为负极集流体制备了卷绕VRLA电池.采用计时电流法、循环伏安曲线、电化学阻抗谱和充放电实验研究了泡沫铅负极的电化学行为,结果表明泡沫铅负极的真实表面积比铅箔负极的大,因此泡沫铅负极具有较低的过电势,并且不论是在怎样的放电状态下,泡沫铅负极的电化学反应电阻较小;与铅箔负极相比,在10、5和2小时率放电状态下,泡沫铅负极的质量比容量分别增加25.9%,30.0%和48.2%.此外,SEM观察显示,泡沫铅负极表面活性物质为更加细小的晶体颗粒和具有更高的孔率.     

我国铅锌冶炼现状与持续发展

综述了我国铅锌冶炼的现状,重点介绍了锌冶炼工艺及与世界工业发达国家的差距,提出我国铅锌产业面临的主要问题和应采取的对策.通过优化产业、产品结构,加强环境保护,重视再生资源的回收和利用,加大技术创新和科技开发的力度,使我国铅锌产业持续高速发展.     

铸造铅合金曲面工件X射线检测工艺研究

针对铸造铅合金曲面工件的内部质量检测问题，通过研究射线检测工艺，优化射线检测参数和研制孔型像质计，实现了铅铸件的射线检测和检测过程质量控制。结果表明可检出工件内部小至Ф3mm的缺陷，且缺陷主要为疏松和渣孔。     

INTERACTION BETWEEN Cu AND LIQUID Sn (Ⅱ) SEM Observation of Intermetallic Growth

用扫描电镜(SEM)研究了Cu与液态Sn的相互作用。观察到了350℃时Cu_6Sn_5的生长突跃和Sn层中化合物生长的形态。以及Sn-Pb合金中随Pb含量增加Cu_6Sn_5生长趋势减弱。     

离子注入铅的铝电极腐蚀的交流阻抗研究

通过测量25℃时1.28g/ml硫酸溶液中铝电极和离子注入铅的铝电极的交流阻抗谱,研究了铅离子注入量对铝电极的腐蚀速率的影响。在此基础上,测量了离子注入铅的铝电极和铝电极在同种介质中的Tafel曲线,辅助交流阻抗法研究电极的腐蚀行为。以此总结出离子注入铅的铝电极的耐腐蚀性能,并探讨了它的腐蚀机理。     

引线框架C194铜合金铸态组织和性能分析

研究了工业化不同生产试验批次的C194铜合金引线框架材料铸态组织和性能。结果表明C194的化学成分、加料顺序等因素对铸态晶内、晶界的球状第二相Fe3P或Fe2P的大小、分布均匀性有较大影响;添加剂对C194铸坯有明显的晶粒细化作用;其导电率达到14%～20%IACS,维氏硬度在95HV左右。     

矿车立体调度及定位电控系统设计

大型煤矿矿车数量、类型较多,存在矿车出入库空间如何充分利用的问题。文章提出了一种矿车立体调度及定位电控系统的设计方案,给出了基于丝杠传动方式的矿车出入库立体调度及定位规划设计;结合该系统架构,介绍了运动控制器SIMATIC CU320的电控配置、PLC单元与现场检测单元的配置及系统的网络组态。调试结果表明,该系统实现了稳定、准确的矿车调度及定位,提高了车位利用率。     

In Situ Polymerizing Internal Encapsulation Strategy Enables Stable Perovskite Solar Cells toward Lead Leakage Suppression

Despite the outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved over the years, unsatisfactory stability and lead toxicity remain obstacles that limit their competitiveness and large-scale practical deployment. In this study, in situ polymerizing internal encapsulation (IPIE) is developed as a holistic approach to overcome these challenges. The uniform polymer internal package layer constructed by thermally triggered cross-linkable monomers not only solidifies the ionic perovskite crystalline by strong electron-withdrawing/donating chemical sites, but also acts as a water penetration and ion migration barrier to prolong shelf life under harsh environments. The optimized MAPbI₃ and FAPbI₃ devices with IPIE treatment yield impressive efficiencies of 22.29% and 24.12%, respectively, accompanied by remarkably enhanced environmental and mechanical stabilities. In addition, toxic water-soluble lead leakage is minimized by the synergetic effect of the physical encapsulation wall and chemical chelation conferred by the IPIE. Hence, this strategy provides a feasible route for preparing efficient, stable, and eco-friendly PSCs.     

Exploring a Stable and Dense 3D Lead Chloride Hybrid with Emission of Self-Trapped Excitons toward X-Ray Scintillation

The exceptional photophysical properties of 3D organic–inorganic lead halide hybrids (OILHs) endow their significant potential for usage in optoelectronics, which has sparked intense research on novel 3D OILHs and associated applications. However, constructing new 3D OILHs based on large organic cations suffers from tough challenges due to the limitation of the Goldschmidt tolerance factor rule, let alone further explorations of their practical applications. Herein, a brand-new 3D lead chloride hybrid, (1MPZ)Pb₄Cl₁₀·H₂O ( 1 , 1MPZ = 1-methylpiperazine) is reported, featuring a dense 3D lead chloride framework made of the corner-, edge-, and face-shared lead chloride polyhedra. 1 presents a broadband white light emission with a large Stokes shift and a nanosecond photoluminescence lifetime, which originates from radiative recombination of self-trapped excitons (STEs) induced by the highly distorted structure. Such a reabsorption-free and fast-decayed STEs emission coupling with the dense 3D architecture further enables 1 with effective X-ray scintillation with good sensitivity. Impressively, 1 also shows superior environmental and radiation stability. This study provides a new 3D OILH with appealing luminescence, not only expanding the 3D OILH family but also inspiring the exploitation of their optoelectronic applications.     

Multiple Function Synchronous Optimization by PbS Quantum Dots for Highly Stable Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 23%

Colloidal lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs), which possess quantum confinement effect and processing compatibility with perovskite, are regarded as an excellent material for optimizing perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the existing PSCs optimized by PbS QDs are still facing the challenges of poor performance of the charge transport layers, low utilization in the near-infrared (NIR) region, and unsuitable energy level alignment, which limit the improvement of power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, a synchronous optimization strategy is realized via simultaneously introducing PbS QDs into SnO₂ electron transport layer and employing rare-earth-doped PbS QDs (Eu:PbS QDs) film with hydrophobic chain ligands as the NIR light-absorping layer and hole transport layer (HTL) of devices. PbS QDs effectively decrease the density of trap states by passivating defects. Eu:PbS QDs film with adjustable bandgap is employed as an absorption layer to broaden the NIR spectral absorption. The well-matched energy level between Eu:PbS QDs layer and perovskite layer implies efficient hole transfer at the interface. The successful synchronous optimization greatly elevates all photovoltaic parameters, reaching a maximum PCE of 23.27%. This PCE is the highest for PSCs utilizing PbS QDs material in recent years. The optimized PSCs retain long-term moisture and light stability.