Fracture mechanism of 2D-C/C composites with pure smooth laminar pyrocarbon matrix under flexural loading

Using natural gas as carbon source, 2D needle felt as preform, 2D-C/C composites were prepared by thermal gradient chemical vapor infiltration. Their microstructures were observed under polarized light microscope (PLM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the flexural behaviors before and after heat-treatment were studied with a universal mechanical testing machine. The fracture mechanism of the composites was discussed in detail. The results show that, carbon matrix exhibits pure smooth laminar (SL) characteristic including numerous wrinkled layered structures and some inter-laminar micro-cracks. With the decreasing density, the strength of the composites decreases and the toughness increases slightly; after 2500 °C heat-treatment, the inter-laminar micro-cracks in matrix increase, the strength decreases, and the toughness obviously increases. The fracture mode of the composites changes from brittle to pseudo-plastic characteristic due to more crack deflections in SL matrix.     

甘油连续生物歧化过程的过渡行为及其数学模拟

用肺炎杆菌将甘油转化为１,３－丙二醇过程对稀释速率和底物进料浓度变化的过渡行为反映了细胞生长和胞内物质代谢在不同条件下存在着显著的差异。体系的过渡响应取决于操作条件变化前后系统所处的状态,当底物浓度由限制状态向剩余状态过渡时,甘油的残余浓度不断上升,而乙醇的浓度则逐渐下降,同时生物量、１,３－丙二醇和乙酸的浓度呈现先增后降的趋势。本文用“甘油浓度变化速率”的概念修正了菌体生长模型,并对甘油歧化过程     

硼硅酸盐玻璃浸出前后结构变化的研究

硼硅酸盐玻璃作为最具工业化应用前景的高放射性废物的固化基材,其中的放射性核素主要以浸出方式进入生物圈.本工作采用了MCC-1静态浸泡法对在90℃去离子水中浸泡28 d后的硼硅酸盐玻璃的浸出行为进行了研究.借助电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)以及掠入射X射线衍...     

养护条件对EVA乳液改性水泥浆体水化行为和孔结构的影响

本文制备了不同乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)乳液含量的聚合物改性硅酸盐水泥浆体,对比了其在相同水灰比,不同养护制度(标准养护、蒸汽养护)条件的水化性能与孔结构.通过X射线衍射分析、水化热分析、压汞分析、氮吸附测试,以及立方体抗压强度测试评价了EVA乳液在不同养护状态下对水泥水化产物、水化特性、孔结构以及抗压强度的影响.结果...     

改性剂对聚丙烯流变性能和发泡行为的影响

在改性聚丙烯PPFP1920中加入丙烯酸类树脂改性剂(记作G200)进行共混改性,制备了PPFP1920/G200复合材料,研究了G200含量对聚丙烯流变性能、发泡行为的影响.结果表明:随着G200含量的增加,复合材料的熔体流动速率大幅降低,复数黏度和低频储能模量提高,低频损耗因子降低,熔体弹性变好,复合材料可发泡性提...     

稳定化热处理对Zn-10Al-2Cu-0.02Ti合金组织及蠕变行为的影响

采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电镜、电子探针以及X射线衍射物相分析等技术手段,对稳定化热处理前后Zn-10Al-2Cu-0.02Ti合金的显微组织进行观察,通过室温恒载荷拉伸、慢应变速率拉伸实验研究合金组织变化及其对合金室温蠕变行为的影响.结果表明:经过稳定化热处理((350℃,30 min,水冷)+(100℃,12h, 空冷)),后合金中的α+η层片状组织的减少,胞状和粒状组织增多;与挤压态合金相比,经过稳定化热处理后的Zn-10Al-2Cu-0.02Ti合金的抗蠕变性能显著提高,其稳态蠕变速率降低了96.9％.     

挤压铸造AZ81镁合金的凝固行为及固溶时效处理

研究了挤压铸造AZ81镁合金的显微组织及力学性能,描述了合金在挤压铸造过程中的凝固行为,研究了热处理对合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,挤压铸造AZ81镁合金的显微组织由α-Mg初晶和高度弥散的α-Mg+β-Mg17Al12二元共晶组织组成,α-Mg初晶的体积分数随远离模具表面而逐渐增加.合金经400℃×12h固溶+200℃×8h时效处理后,合金的抗拉强度和断裂伸长率相对挤压铸造态分别提高了16.07％和11.02％.     

40Cr钢表面电火花沉积WC的界面行为

以WC合金作为电极,氩气为保护气体,采用电火花沉积技术在40Cr钢表面沉积WC合金层,通过显微硬度计、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱分析(EDS),X射线衍射等测量方法,研究了40Cr钢表面电火花沉积WC层的显微硬度、表面状态、界面行为及相结构组成.结果表明,WC合金电火花沉积层存在微裂纹及气孔,主要由W、Fe6W6C、Fe3C和Cr23C6等相组成;沉积层显微硬度达820 HV,为基体的4.5倍;沉积层断面连续、致密,厚度为30 μm;沉积层与基体之间发生了元素的相互扩散与合金化过程,呈冶金结合,无明显界面.     

Numerical Simulation of the Dynamic Behaviors of a Gas Tungsten Welding Arc for Joining Magnesium Alloy AZ61A

Based on the Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic(MHD)theory,a united three-dimensional(3D)transient numerical model is developed to investigate the dynamic behaviors of arc plasma for a magnesium alloy AZ61A gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW)arc.The arc,electrode and workpiece are integrated into one calculation domain to avoid both presumed distribution of the current density at the electrode tip and the assumption of constant conditions of interface between welding arc and workpiece.The distributions of electric potential,current density,magnetic flux density,electromagnetic force,velocity,temperature,and pressure of the arc plasma in the 3D space are analyzed by using the numerical model.Results indicate that the maximum gradient of the electric potential in the whole arc space exists around the electrode tip,where the electric current density,electromagnetic force,and temperature are also the maximum.However,maximum pressure is found at the velocity stagnation,which is above the workpiece.Comparison between predicted temperature and measured one in arc region shows a good agreement.     

量热法多孔沉积物内CH4水合物生成过程中的放热行为

掌握天然气水合物在多孔沉积物生成过程中的放热规律对于天然气水合物的资源开发和了解水合物的成藏规律都具有重要意义。本研究通过高压微量热仪考察了石英砂粒径、初始含水率、温度及含盐条件对CH₄水合物在多孔沉积物内生成过程中放热行为的影响。实验结果表明,随着石英砂粒径的减小,水合物生成的放热速率随之增加。随着初始含水率的降低,水合物的放热峰明显增大,但在实验考察时间内,最终的累积放热量和含水率并没有呈现出明显的相关性。当温度在263.15K时,CH₄水合物生成过程中不存在明显的放热。对于在3.35% NaCl盐溶液体系中进行的甲烷水合物生长放热实验,发现其放热规律与在纯水体系下的放热规律具有较高的一致性,但其总体放热速率和累积放热量较纯水体系更低。实验结果呈现了良好的规律性,对进一步开发量热仪在水合物生成动力学方面的应用具有一定的参考价值。