核电厂小型承压容器泄漏率直读的可行性分析

对比气体泄漏率的精确计算值与直读值的差异,分析误差的成因并找出切实可行的缩小误差的方法,使得直读法在小型承压容器的大批量泄漏率检测中发挥了重要的作用。     

Review of Mechanically Related Failures of Ceramic Capacitors and Capacitor Materials

This paper reviews the brittle fracture behavior of dielectric ceramics such as barium titanate, and describes some of the relationships between defects such as cracks and electrical degradation and failure of multilayer capacitors. Stresses arising from the ferroelectric phase transformation in these dielectric materials are shown to play a part as a driving force for crack growth. In addition, possible contributions to failure from stresses arising from thermal excursions in the capacitor are discussed. Low-voltage failures arising from a short between the electrodes in multilayer capacitors are shown to be related to the growth of cracks in the dielectric. A technique for predicting the onset of these types of failures based upon fracture mechanics techniques is described. Possible effects of the electric field itself in promoting or retarding the growth of cracks are discussed.     

刚玉瓷指痕缺陷的研究

本文采用两种不同Al2O3粉为原料，结合Al2O3预烧与材料的生产工艺，对刚玉瓷的指痕缺陷及其对材料性能的影响进行了研究。结果发现：Al2O3粉预烧温度不匀时，部分颗粒（γ-Al2O3）周边存在层错缺陷，激活能的存在，人体中颗粒粘连（团聚）；该团聚体在坯体及烧结体中的残留直接引起烧结体中的结构缺陷，由Al2O3预烧温度高且均匀的粉体制备材料，才能获得具有优良性能的刚玉体。     

无汞碱性锌锰电池贮存期漏液原因探讨

介绍了无汞锌粉中的杂质、析气量、锌粉形貌以及电池密封圈对无汞碱性电池高温贮存性能的影响，探讨了电池漏液的原因，提出了防止漏液的措施。     

Gravity optimised particle filter for hand tracking

This paper presents a gravity optimised particle filter (GOPF) where the magnitude of the gravitational force for every particle is proportional to its weight. GOPF attracts nearby particles and replicates new particles as if moving the particles towards the peak of the likelihood distribution, improving the sampling efficiency. GOPF is incorporated into a technique for hand features tracking. A fast approach to hand features detection and labelling using convexity defects is also presented. Experimental results show that GOPF outperforms the standard particle filter and its variants, as well as state-of-the-art CamShift guided particle filter using a significantly reduced number of particles.     

石油化工装备“后果分析”方法的介绍

石油化工装备的失效,由于所处理的物料常常是易燃易爆的化学品,所以往往导致发生燃烧、爆炸等,还可以波及附近的其它装置和设备发生连锁的失效和爆炸。为了分析这种严重事故可能造成的影响,研究防止这种事故的发生,近年来研究和发展了一种定量估计这种失效后果严重程度的方法,称为后果分析(Consequence Analysis)。通过分析,从这些设备的失效概率、可能发生的失效形式,研究设备内物料的泄漏形式、可能发生的后果、影响范围的大小、对周围装置、环境和人员的危害程度等,从而提出在设备设计、工厂的总图设计中采取的措施,以减轻其危害的程度。     

Understanding heterogeneous catalysis on an atomic scale: a combined surface science and reactivity investigation for the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene over iron oxide catalysts

In order to study the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene, epitaxial iron oxide model catalyst films with Fe₃O₄(111), -Fe₂O₃(0001) and KFe _x O _y (111) stoichiometry were prepared in single crystal quality on Pt(111). They were investigated using surface science techniques before and after atmospheric pressure reaction experiments in a newly designed single crystal flow reactor. As expected from low-pressure measurements, Fe₃O₄(111) is catalytically inactive. The catalytic activity of -Fe₂O₃(0001) starts after an activation period of about 45 min. After that, the surface is essentially clean but shows a high concentration of defects. On the potassium-promoted films, however, the activation period is much longer, the activity then is higher and the surface gets covered completely with carbon and oxygen during reaction. This indicates a different reaction pathway on the promoted films with a carbon–oxygen species as catalytically active species.     

静压支承技术在海水淡化旋转式能量回收装置中的应用

海水淡化旋转式能量回收装置（RERD）高、低压流体间的泄漏主要在转子与端盘的配合间隙中发生，这种泄漏直接影响到装置的能量回收效率水平。本文通过在平面端盘上引入阻尼孔和静压支承槽，构建了静压支承端盘方案，将静压支承技术应用到自主开发的电驱RERD装置中，以解决其运行过程中泄漏量大、能量回收效率低等问题。在转子与上、下端盘配合总间隙为0.04mm、转子转速为500r/min的条件下，RERD分别使用平面端盘和静压支承端盘进行对比实验研究。结果表明，在操作压力为4.5MPa和处理量为13m³/h的工况下，与平面端盘相比，采用1^#静压支承端盘（静压支承槽槽宽为2.0mm）时，装置的泄漏量从0.45m³/h减小至0.28m³/h，能量回收效率从91.3%提升至92.7%。采用2^#静压支承端盘（静压支承槽槽宽为3.0mm）的RERD在相同工况下，装置的泄漏量可降低至0.11m³/h，能量回收效率提升到95.0%。上述研究显示静压支承技术对于减小RERD装置泄漏量、提高装置效率具有显著的效果，对RERD装置密封结构设计与优化具有指导意义。     

阀门内漏单声波传感器监测方法研究

针对阀门内漏模拟和阀门内漏监测问题，提出了阀门内漏模拟和阀门内漏非介入式单声波传感器监测方法。设计了由法兰、薄纸片和带孔铝片组成的虚拟阀门，可真实地模拟阀门内漏瞬态过程，克服了传统阀门内漏模拟方法中存在的各种缺点。分析、比较了不同条件下阀门上下游声波传感器输出信号的频域特征，验证了阀门上游声波传感器设置的冗余性和基于单声波传感器实现阀门内漏监测的可行性。分析、比较了不同条件下单声波传感器输出信号的时频域特征，提出了基于峰值系数和小波包能量分率的阀门内漏时频域特征提取方法，并以阀门密封良好状态下的声波信号为样本，建立了基于SVDD的阀门内漏诊断模型。测试结果表明：本文提出的单声波传感器阀门内漏监测方法可行、模型诊断准确，且具有较强的抗干扰能力和较高的阀门内漏检测灵敏度。     

氨合成塔催化剂中毒原因分析及处理

介绍合成塔催化剂因合成气压缩机段间水冷器泄漏而致水中毒的情况，分析水中毒的原因及处理过程，介绍了段间水冷器泄漏情况下装置的运行方案。