基于并播技术的DVB发送卡设计

介绍了并行广播技术,提出了作为大规模信源的并行数据如何通过MPEG-2传输流数据发送卡实现这种海量传输的硬件实现方案,并分析了设计要点.     

微波辐射计外部定标负载辐射特性的研究

本文给出了近似求解二维周期渐变形形状吸收构成的微波辐射计外部定标负载辐射特性的方法，计算结果与数值方法，实验测量进行了比较，当结构周期小于０．７５倍波长，即Ｄ〈０．７５λ０时近似算法有良好的精度。     

固化淤泥的持水特性研究

为满足固化淤泥作为土工材料用于施工时施工工艺的要求,研究非饱和固化淤泥的持水能力非常必要。结合离心机法与滤纸法的优势,采用联合测定法获得龄期为56d的固化淤泥的土水特征曲线,从孔隙水转化的角度分析了水泥掺量对固化淤泥持水特性的影响。试验结果表明,固化淤泥的持水特性随水泥掺量的增加而增加;随着水化产物的增多,土水特征曲线的空气进入值不断增大,脱水速率不断减少。     

新型耐温耐压多层结构管道及其壁温计算

为降低高温高压流体管道的制造成本,遵循耐温与耐压分离的原则,提出了一种耐温耐压的多层管道结构,并建立了计算该管道壁温的热力学模型,探讨了不同内管道外径时遮热管壁温、遮热管外半径和热流功率与遮热管数量的关系.结果表明:在内管道壁温为700℃时,随着遮热管数量的增加,外管道壁温迅速下降,最终可降至350℃以下,完全可以使用普通的钢材来制造耐压管道,大大降低了管道的制造成本.     

蓄能型地源热泵式植物工厂供能系统

为了改善采用化石燃料为植物工厂供能所造成的排放大量温室气体和有害气体危害环境的问题,设计蓄能型地源热泵式供能植物工厂供能系统,削峰填谷,将一部分日间高峰负荷挪到晚上低谷期从而利用了晚上多余的电力,达到了节约能源的目的。通过计算确定植物工厂的冷热负荷选型制热量和制冷量分别为799 k W和613 k W的水源热泵,地下水抽水量为78.9 m3/h,并选型蓄热罐为400 m3,蓄冷罐为600 m3。经计算分析,该系统不仅有节能减排效益,而且具有一定的投资意义。     

The combustion of large particles of char in bubbling fluidized beds: The dependence of Sherwood number and the rate of burning on particle diameter

Particles of char derived from a variety of fuels (e.g., biomass, sewage sludge, coal, or graphite), with diameters in excess of , burn in fluidized bed combustors containing smaller particles of, e.g., sand, such that the rate is controlled by the diffusion both of O₂ to the burning solid and of the products CO and CO₂ away from it into the particulate phase. It is therefore important to characterize these mass transfer processes accurately. Measurements of the burning rate of char particles made from sewage sludge suggest that the Sherwood number, Sh, increases linearly with the diameter of the fuel particle, dchar (for ). This linear dependence of Sh on dchar is expected from the basic equation Sh=2εmf(1+dchar/2δdiff)/τ, provided the thickness of the boundary layer for mass transfer, δdiff, is constant in the region of interest (). Such a dependence is not seen in the empirical equations currently used and based on the Frössling expression. It is found here that for chars made from sewage sludge (for ), the thickness of the boundary layer for mass transfer in a fluidized bed, δdiff, is less than that predicted by empirical correlations based on the Frössling expression. In fact, δdiff is not more than the diameter of the fluidized sand particles. Finally, the experiments in this study indicate that models based on surface renewal theory should be rejected for a fluidized bed, because they give unrealistically short contact times for packets of fluidized particles at the surface of a burning sphere. The result is the new correlation

     

The exergy fields in transport processes: Their calculation and use

This paper is a brief review of the method for analyzing the space and time dependent exergy and irreversibility fields in processes. It presents the basic equations, the method for their use, major literature sources, and three examples from the authors' work: flow desiccation, combustion of oil droplets, and combustion of pulverized coal. Conclusions from this Second Law analysis are used to attempt process improvement suggestions.     

Modeling of transient natural convection heat transfer in electric ovens

Prediction of transient natural convection heat transfer in vented enclosures has multiple applications such as understanding of cooking environment in ovens and heat sink performance in electronic packaging industry. The thermal field within an oven has significant impact on quality of cooked food and reliable predictions are important for robust design and performance evaluation of an oven. The CFD modeling of electric oven involves three-dimensional, unsteady, natural convective flow-thermal field coupled with radiative heat transfer. However, numerical solution of natural convection in enclosures with openings at top and bottom (ovens) can often lead to non-physical solutions such as reverse flow at the top vent, partly a function of initialization and sometimes dependent on boundary conditions. In this paper, development of a physics based robust CFD methodology is discussed. This model has been developed with rigorous experimental support and transient validation of this model with experiments show less than 3% discrepancy for a bake cycle. There is greater challenge in simulating a broil cycle, where the fluid inside the cavity is stably stratified and is also highlighted. A comparative analyses of bake and broil cycle thermal fields inside the oven are also presented.     

Free convection performance of circular cavities having two active curved vertical sides and two inactive curved horizontal sides

A detailed review of the archival reveals that the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of circular cavities have not been investigated so far and of course their physical features are not understood. A prominent application of these cavities arises in the miniaturized packaging of electronic components that are subject to strict constraints. This paper addresses primarily steady-state laminar natural convection of air in a circular cavity of diameter H inscribed in a square cavity of side H where the corresponding sides are in contact at four points. A third cavity, an arc–square cavity whose shape lies between the square and circular cavity shapes is included in the analysis. The finite volume method is used to perform the numerical simulations. The methodology takes into account the second-order-accurate QUICK scheme for the discretization of the convective term, whereas the pressure–velocity coupling is handled with the SIMPLE scheme. Since the air is not assumed a Boussinesq gas, it was decided to take all thermophysical properties as temperature-dependent. In the end, it has been demonstrated that the circular cavity possesses a superior balance between heat transfer enhancement and size in cross-section area in comparison with the standard square cavity. The side of the square cavity is similar to the diameter of the circular cavity.     

Conjugate natural convection heat transfer in an inclined square cavity containing a conducting block

The present work is concerned with computation of natural convection flow in a square enclosure with a centered internal conducting square block both of which are given an inclination angle. Finite volume method through the concepts of staggered grid and SIMPLE algorithm have been applied. Deferred QUICK scheme has been used to discretize the convective fluxes and central difference for diffusive fluxes. The problem of conjugate natural convection has been taken up for validating the code. The abrupt variation in the properties at the solid/fluid interface are taken care of with the harmonic mean formulation. Solution has been performed in the computational domain as a whole with proper treatment at the solid/fluid interface. Computations have been performed for Ra = 10³–10⁶, angle of inclination varying from 15° to 90° in steps of 15° and ratio of solid to fluid thermal conductivities of 0.2 and 5.0. Results are presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms, local and average Nusselt number.