Passive infrared sensor dataset and deep learning models for device-free indoor localization and tracking

Location estimation or localization is one of the key components in IoT applications such as remote health monitoring and smart homes. Amongst device-free localization technologies, passive infrared (PIR) sensors are one of the promising options due to their low cost, low energy consumption, and good accuracy. However, most of the existing systems are complexly designed and difficult to deploy in real life, in addition, there is no public dataset available for researchers to benchmark their proposed localization and tracking methods. In this paper, we propose a system and a dataset collected from our PIR system consisting of commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS) sensors without any modification. Our dataset includes profile data of 36 classes that have over 1,000 samples of different walking directions and test data consisting of multiple scenarios with a sequence length of over 2,000 timesteps. To evaluate our system and dataset, we implement various deep learning methods such as CNN, RNN, and CNN–RNN. Our results prove the applicability and feasibility of our system and illustrate the viability of deep learning methods for PIR-based localization and tracking. We also show that our dataset can be converted for coordinate estimation so that deep learning methods and particle filter approaches can be applied to estimate coordinates. As a result, the best performer achieves a distance error of 0.25 m.     

基于频谱增强的软件多故障定位

检测故障是繁琐而耗时的,为了提高传统软件故障定位方法的效率以及精确度,提出了一种基于频谱的故障定位新方法;充分利用了失败的测试用例与故障之间的关系,通过使用频谱增强的方式,采取逻辑与运算的关键技术和方法,对失败的测试用例进行精简,优化失败测试用例中的频谱信息,从而得到频谱增强后的测试用例,克服了冗余测试用例对定位效果的消极影响,再根据新的频谱信息计算可疑度值,最后生成优化后的可疑度排序列表;首次将频谱增强的方法同时运用到单故障与多故障程序场景中,在包含植入故障的西门子程序和真实故障的Defects4j程序中,经实验检测证明本研究方法能够显著减少代码检查的范围,尤其是在高性能范围内(EXAM5%),并且仅通过检查Top-1至少能有效地定位超过原有约20%的故障,结果表明基于频谱增强的故障定位方法有效提升了检测率,可以更好地帮助程序员精准定位故障位置。     

混响噪声下声源定位与跟踪的多特征自适应IMM粒子滤波算法EI北大核心CSCD

针对混响噪声下声源定位精度低和鲁棒性弱等问题,提出了多特征自适应IMM粒子滤波算法.该算法以麦克风接收信号的多特征作为观测信息,采用空时相关和迭代滤波建立了时延选择机制和波束输出能量优化机制,并在两者的基础上构建了似然函数以获得合理的声源位置信息.考虑到说话人运动的随机性,给出了自适应IMM算法,通过在线粒子集生成并将不同过程方差的模型进行交互来拟合说话人的不同运动模式,改善了说话人跟踪系统的稳健性.仿真和实测结果表明,所提算法利用了多特征定位信息的互补性,降低了观测误差不确定性对声源位置估计的影响,增强了随机运动声源跟踪系统的鲁棒性,提高了系统的定位精度.     

基于注意力机制及类别层次结构的弱监督目标定位

弱监督目标定位是指仅利用图像级的类别标注信息来训练目标定位器, 而不需要使用精确的目标位置标注信息来进行算法训练. 当前的一些方法往往只能定位出目标对象中最具鉴别性的部分而无法准确地标识出完整的目标对象, 或者易受背景无关信息干扰从而导致定位结果不精确. 为了解决上述问题, 提出一种基于注意力机制和类别层次结构的弱监督目标定位方法. 该方法通过对卷积神经网络的注意力图进行均值分割提取更完整的目标区域. 进一步, 通过类别层次结构网络实现对背景区域注意力的削弱, 从而提高对感兴趣目标的定位精度. 基于多个网络结构和公共数据集上的大量实验结果表明, 相比目前已有的弱监督定位方法, 所提方法在多个评价指标下均能够获得更好的定位效果.     

特征挖掘与区域增强的弱监督时序动作定位

弱监督时序动作定位旨在定位视频中行为实例的起止边界及识别相应的行为。现有方法尽管取得很大进展,但依然存在动作定位不完整及短动作的漏检问题。为此,提出了特征挖掘与区域增强（FMRE）的定位方法。首先,通过基础分支计算视频片段之间的相似分数,并以此分数聚合上下文信息,得到更具有区别性的段分类分数,实现动作的完整定位;然后,添加增强分支,对基础分支定位中持续时间较短的动作提案沿时间维度进行动态上采样,进而采用多头自注意机制对动作提案间的时间结构显式建模,促进具有时间依赖关系的动作定位且防止短动作的漏检;最后,在两个分支之间构建伪标签互监督,逐步改进在训练过程中生成动作提案的质量。该算法在THUMOS14和ActivityNet1.3数据集上分别取得了70.3%和40.7%的检测性能,证明了所提算法的有效性。     

Weakly supervised temporal action localization with proxy metric modeling

Temporal localization is crucial for action video recognition. Since the manual annotations are expensive and time-consuming in videos, temporal localization with weak video-level labels is challenging but indispensable. In this paper, we propose a weakly-supervised temporal action localization approach in untrimmed videos. To settle this issue, we train the model based on the proxies of each action class. The proxies are used to measure the distances between action segments and different original action features. We use a proxy-based metric to cluster the same actions together and separate actions from backgrounds. Compared with state-of-the-art methods, our method achieved competitive results on the THUMOS14 and ActivityNet1.2 datasets.     

Jointly beam stealing attackers detection and localization without training: an image processing viewpoint

Recently revealed beam stealing attacks could greatly threaten the security and privacy of IEEE 802.11ad communications. The premise to restore normal network service is detecting and locating beam stealing attackers without their cooperation. Current consistency-based methods are only valid for one single attacker and are parameter-sensitive. From the viewpoint of image processing, this paper proposes an algorithm to jointly detect and locate multiple beam stealing attackers based on RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) map without the training process involved in deep learning-based solutions. Firstly, an RSSI map is constructed based on interpolating the raw RSSI data for enabling high-resolution localization while reducing monitoring cost. Secondly, three image processing steps, including edge detection and segmentation, are conducted on the constructed RSSI map to detect and locate multiple attackers without any prior knowledge about the attackers. To evaluate our proposal’s performance, a series of experiments are conducted based on the collected data. Experimental results have shown that in typical parameter settings, our algorithm’s positioning error does not exceed 0.41 m with a detection rate no less than 91%.     

适用于柔性直流电网的500 kV级直流电缆与架空线路并联运行控制及保护策略

高压直流电缆是跨海长距离输电和新能源并网的重要装备,高电压等级、高通流能力的直流电缆还处于研发阶段。为推进高压直流电缆研发,考验长期运行性能,依托国内某±500 kV柔性直流电网工程建立了直流电缆综合试验站。该柔性直流工程线路主要采用架空线,试验站位于其中一个换流站单极出线处,采用直流电缆与架空线路并联运行方式,其运行控制和保护配合复杂、可靠性要求极高,尚无工程经验可循。针对500 kV级直流电缆试验段与架空线路并联切换运行的接线方式,提出了试验站直流电缆监视和投入退出控制策略、故障保护策略以及过负荷运行控制保护策略。仿真试验结果证明,所提策略可保证直流电缆接入柔性直流电网后可靠运行。     

A path planning model based on nested regular hexagons using weighted centroid localization

In many wireless sensor network (WSN) applications, the location of a sensor node is crucial for determining where the event or situation of interest occurred. Therefore, localization is one of the critical challenges in WSNs. Mobile anchor node assisted localization (MANAL) is one of the promising solutions for the localization of statically deployed sensors. The main problem in MANAL localization is that the path planning of the mobile anchor (MA) node should be done so that the localization error in the network will be minimal and that all unknown nodes in the network are covered. This paper proposes a new path planning approach called nested hexagons curves (NHexCurves) for MANAL. NHexCurves guarantees that it will receive messages from at least three non-collinear anchors to locate all unknown nodes in the network. The proposed model has compared six different path planning schemes in the literature using weighted centroid localization (WCL). In these comparisons, first of all, localization errors of the models are compared using some statistical concepts. Second, the variation of the localization error according to parameters such as resolution (R) and the standard deviation of noise (σ) is observed. Then, with similar approaches, the standard deviation of errors, localization ratio, scalability performances, and finally, path lengths of the models are examined. The simulation results show that the NHexCurves static path planning model proposed in this study stands out compared to other models with high localization error and localization ratio performance, especially at low resolutions, due to its path design. At the same time, the lowest error values according to σ are obtained with the proposed model among all models considered.     

EEG‐based brain source localization using visual stimuli

Electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used in variety of research and clinical applications which includes the localization of active brain sources. Brain source localization provides useful information to understand the brain's behavior and cognitive analysis. Various source localization algorithms have been developed to determine the exact locations of the active brain sources due to which electromagnetic activity is generated in brain. These algorithms are based on digital filtering, 3D imaging, array signal processing and Bayesian approaches. According to the spatial resolution provided, the algorithms are categorized as either low resolution methods or high resolution methods. In this research study, EEG data is collected by providing visual stimulus to healthy subjects. FDM is used for head modelling to solve forward problem. The low‐resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) and standardized LORETA (sLORETA) have been used as inverse modelling methods to localize the active regions in the brain during the stimulus provided. The results are produced in the form of MRI images. The tables are also provided to describe the intensity levels for estimated current level for the inverse methods used. The higher current value or intensity level shows the higher electromagnetic activity for a particular source at certain time instant. Thus, the results obtained demonstrate that standardized method which is based on second order Laplacian (sLORETA) in conjunction with finite difference method (FDM) as head modelling technique outperforms other methods in terms of source estimation as it has higher current level and thus, current density (J) for an area as compared to others.