天然有机质对纳米碳管环境行为的影响研究进展

随着纳米技术的快速发展,大量的纳米碳管(CNTs)不可避免地释放到环境中。由于其较大的憎水性表面,CNTs与有机污染物和天然有机质(NOM)强烈地相互作用。综述了NOM存在下CNTs的环境行为,包括NOM对CNTs分散特性和吸附有机污染物特性的影响。着重论述了NOM的理化性质对CNTs分散的影响,"拉拉链"或"胶束包裹"是主要的分散机制。强调应该对不同分散机制下分散的CNTs与有机污染物的相互作用给予更多的关注,提出了目前在液相环境中直接测定CNTs表面积的新思路,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

Examining knowledge contribution from the perspective of an online identity in blogging communities

Knowledge contribution is one of the essential factors behind the success of blogging communities (BCs). This research studies knowledge contribution behavior in a BC from the perspective of knowledge contributors and their characteristics using the lens of social identity theory. Social identity theory asserts that individuals are fundamentally motivated to present or communicate their identities in everyday social life through behavior. A similar line of reasoning can be used to argue that members of a BC would also be motivated to communicate their online identities through their behavior, that is, through knowledge contribution in the BC. Specifically, this study conceptualized the online identity and examined the effects of its personal (online kindness, online social skills, and online creativity) and social aspects (BC involvement) on knowledge contribution. The data was collected using an online survey from the members of Cyworld, a popular BC in South Korea and a few other countries (members from South Korea were included in this study). The results indicate that both the personal and social aspects of online identity and their interactions significantly influenced knowledge contribution. Based on the findings, this study offers suggestions to organizers of BCs to enhance the knowledge contribution from their members.     

What drives continued knowledge sharing? An investigation of knowledge-contribution and -seeking beliefs

Knowledge management (KM) research has yielded extensive explanations regarding the individual's motivation to share knowledge, each with different sets of factors. Yet the study of continued knowledge sharing is rare. There has been little research investigating this issue from contributing and seeking perspectives—the two distinct, but closely interrelated, facets of continued knowledge sharing. We propose that knowledge management system (KMS) users' beliefs are contextually differentiated, and thus a distinction between knowledge-contribution and knowledge-seeking behaviors and an adequate emphasis on their variance in terms of user belief is needed. By incorporating the knowledge-contribution and knowledge-seeking perspectives in a single study, we model and examine the differences among driving factors in two behavioral contexts, provide the conceptual comparisons and preliminary discussions, and thus advance our understanding of continued knowledge sharing via the KMS.     

利用ETM数据进行矿化蚀变信息提取的方法研究——以柴北缘地区为例

在柴北缘地区利用ETM数据进行遥感矿化蚀变信息提取方法研究主要基于三个方面：①研究区蚀变信息及背景干扰地物信息的光谱特征;②矿化蚀变信息提取的最佳变量集组合;③图像增强处理方法和流程。在综合分析研究的基础上,采用“图像掩膜→最佳变量组合→波段比值→主成分分析→阈值分割→多元数据综合分析及异常筛选”的方法和流程提取了柴北缘成矿带的矿化蚀变异常信息,为该区综合成矿预测提供了可靠依据。     

强干扰环境下高炉雷达信号机器学习算法

高炉料面属矿物-煤气-焦炭多元高温固体/熔体混杂共存的粗糙表面,其电磁反射特征包含非均匀和非平稳的气固混合介质的表层电磁回波信息、布料溜槽引起的周期性遮蔽效应、十字测温等装置引起的固定干扰,以及电磁辐射等环境因素引发的随机噪声.本文研究了复杂环境下调频连续波(FMCW)提取的料面信号,采用瞬时频率分析的希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)方法代替传统快速傅里叶变换(FFT)方法.结合经验模态分解,将原始非平稳信号分解为若干个平稳的内在模式函数;并按照基于先验知识的决策树算法分类与学习,获得各类分量权值并加权突出真实物料的电磁信号;通过Hilbert变换得到原始信号的时频域特征,可以揭示流态化料面包含的丰富冶炼信息.同时该算法也有助于提高料面成像的帧准确率和稳定性,为钢铁行业节能减排提供可靠的数据支撑.     

Univariate marginal distribution algorithm dynamics for a class of parametric functions with unitation constraints

In this paper, we introduce a mathematical model for analyzing the dynamics of the univariate marginal distribution algorithm (UMDA) for a class of parametric functions with isolated global optima. We prove a number of results that are used to model the evolution of UMDA probability distributions for this class of functions. We show that a theoretical analysis can assess the effect of the function parameters on the convergence and rate of convergence of UMDA. We also introduce for the first time a long string limit analysis of UMDA. Finally, we relate the results to ongoing research on the application of the estimation of distribution algorithms for problems with unitation constraints.     

Optimizing Epochal Evolutionary Search: Population-Size Dependent Theory

Epochal dynamics, in which long periods of stasis in an evolving population are punctuated by a sudden burst of change, is a common behavior in both natural and artificial evolutionary processes. We analyze the population dynamics for a class of fitness functions that exhibit epochal behavior using a mathematical framework developed recently, which incorporates techniques from the fields of mathematical population genetics, molecular evolution theory, and statistical mechanics. Our analysis predicts the total number of fitness function evaluations to reach the global optimum as a function of mutation rate, population size, and the parameters specifying the fitness function. This allows us to determine the optimal evolutionary parameter settings for this class of fitness functions.We identify a generalized error threshold that smoothly bounds the two-dimensional regime of mutation rates and population sizes for which epochal evolutionary search operates most efficiently. Specifically, we analyze the dynamics of epoch destabilization under finite-population sampling fluctuations and show how the evolutionary parameters effectively introduce a coarse graining of the fitness function. More generally, we find that the optimal parameter settings for epochal evolutionary search correspond to behavioral regimes in which the consecutive epochs are marginally stable against the sampling fluctuations. Our results suggest that in order to achieve optimal search, one should set evolutionary parameters such that the coarse graining of the fitness function induced by the sampling fluctuations is just large enough to hide local optima.     

结合图论和基团贡献法进行分子设计

提出了一种新的计算机辅助分子设计策略—结合图论和基团贡献法的分子设计方法。提出基团触角数、基团特征因数、分子特征因数的定义和分子结构完整定理使基团组合为分子过程自动完成 ,通过予选基团、限定分子基团数及有机物分类法减小合成问题尺寸。给出了系统的设计方法和设计步骤 ,并编制了相应的计算机程序。通过无毒高温载热剂设计和芳烃与非芳烃分离的萃取精馏溶剂设计 2个实例 ,检验了方法的可靠实用性     

水利对粮食生产贡献率的认识与思考

针对目前很多人对农业科技进步贡献率和水利对粮食生产贡献率的不同认识,从发展历程、概念内涵、测算思路方法等方面,剖析了二者差异,认为二者在测算范围上存在大口径与小口径的差异,在测算对象上存在增量与总量的差异,在测算指标上存在产值与产量的差异,在测算方法上存在余值法与有无对比法的差异,为正确认识这两个指标提供了参考。     

计及固定成本分摊的输电定价方法

提出了一种联营体双边拍卖市场模式下计及输电固定成本分摊的输电定价方法,分析了在发电机节点和负荷节点的不同分摊比例对输电收益的影响.所提方法体现了输电定价原则,确保了电网固定成本的合理分摊和充分回收.经Garver’s 6节点算例的验证分析,证明所提方法正确有效.