The influence of quality benefit and marginal contribution on the optimal equity structure of the PPP projects: balancing public and private benefits

Public–private partnerships (PPPs) involve many different participants, and the equity allocation between them may influence the performance of PPP projects. While the optimal capital structure and equity capital structure of the project company have been extensively investigated, few studies have examined how to allocate equity shares among different private participants. Considering both public and private benefits, this study focuses on the optimal equity structure between construction contractor (CC) and operating contractor (OC). A game model is used to analyze how quality benefit and marginal contribution of CC and OC’s effort affect the optimal equity structure. The findings reveal that the private consortium expects the party (CC or OC) with higher marginal contribution of effort to own more equity shares, while government expects the party (CC or OC) with lower marginal contribution of effort to own more equity shares. Furthermore, a non-linear relationship between the optimal equity structure and government’s bargaining power is found. The results also manifest that the quality benefit of construction on operation is a nontrivial factor when designing the equity structure. If unconsidered, the CC’s optimal equity ratio will be either undervalued (when a higher construction quality can reduce the operating cost) or overvalued (when a higher construction quality can increase the operating cost). These findings can provide some insights into designing the equity structure for PPP projects in the bidding process.     

Knowledge contribution in information system development teams: An empirical research from a social cognitive perspective

The extent of knowledge contribution is the key to the success of system development projects. Knowledge contribution refers to the knowledge that is provided to increase a team's efficiency and achieve its goal. This study proposes a research model exploring factors that influence the extent of knowledge contribution from a social cognitive perspective. These factors include the team relationship commitment, team relationship norms, and awareness of expertise location. Additionally, this study argues that a team's awareness of expertise location mediates the effects of affective commitment and relationship norms on knowledge contribution. The result shows that the awareness of expertise location plays a crucial mediating role in the relationships between the two socially prescribed motivations and knowledge contribution. Moreover, team relationship commitment has an important impact on team established relational norms.     

苯酚与异丙醇烷基化合成异丙基苯酚的热力学和动力学

基于Benson基团贡献法研究苯酚与异丙醇烷基化反应过程,确定了主、副反应的反应热、平衡常数及平衡转化率,得到反映热力学性质的反应方程式并建立反应的网络结构,为该体系的工艺设计提供热力学依据。在苯酚与异丙醇物质的量比为0.5~2.0、温度(513.15~573.15)K、空速8 h-1和催化剂颗粒(40~60)目[相当于粒径(0.45~0.30)mm]条件下进行本征动力学实验。选用幂数型动力学模型,对参数进行估值。用Runge-Kutta法进行数值积分,Simplex法对参数进行优化,F统计法对模型进行检验,最终得到能较好描述反应的本征动力学模型。     

基于声-固耦合模型的车内噪声响度参数的预测与分析研究

针对传统A计权声压级评价指标对噪声低频成分衰减较大,常常出现车内声压级达标,声品质不合格的问题。引入心理声学参数的响度参量,利用虚拟仿真技术分析评价车内声学特性。建立驾驶室声-固耦合有限元模型,结合试验激励数据,进行基于模态的声学响应计算。在Matlab平台上,建立车内声品质客观心理声学参数响度的计算模型,对比预测驾驶室内场点的声压级和响度分布,结合声压级和响度结构板块贡献量分析,研究声压级和响度参量评价驾驶室结构特性的差别并识别驾驶室主要噪声源。以此为基础指导优化驾驶室结构阻尼铺设位置,综合提高车内声学品质。     

虚拟权平差的方差估计

本文基于虚拟权平差函数模型,首先推导了单位权方差σ_0~2的边缘极大似然估计(?)_0~(n~2),证明了(?)_0~(n~2)是σ_0~(n~2)的无偏、有效估计量,然后构造了σ_0~2的另一无偏估计(?)_0~2,通过平差实例验证了(?)_0~2的基本有效性.     

中国产业结构变动的能源消费影响--基于灰色关联理论和面板数据计量分析

本文在利用经济增长的产业分解模型分析对经济增长贡献的基础上，以中国近20年来的数据为样本，采用灰色关联分析法分析产业结构和能源消费的关联效应，并利用面板数据计量模型进一步分析1995年以来产业内部各行业的能源消费特征，总结出：第二产业对能源消费总量的影响最大，灰关联度高速0．905，产业结构地位不断提升，对GDP增长的贡献稳步上升，中国经济的增长主要依靠能源高消耗的第二产业来拉动；一、三产业和能源消费的关联性也较高，但一产的经济贡献呈下降趋势，三产稳步不前，对经济增长的贡献有限；在产业内部，工业是能源消费能力最强的行业，行业影响因子最高。     

原甲酸三甲酯-醋酸萃取精馏全局多目标优化

在生产杀菌剂嘧菌酯中间体过程中,反应物原甲酸三甲酯（TMOF）与生成物醋酸（HAc）发生共沸,导致反应物堆积和原料损耗。为解决共沸物分离问题,使用Hayden-O'Connell修正的UNIFAC基团贡献法研究其汽液平衡,设计常规萃取精馏（CED）、侧线萃取精馏（SED）、隔壁塔萃取精馏（EDWC）三种工艺,以分离组分摩尔纯度、再沸器热负荷（Q）、年度总费用（TAC）为目标,运用灵敏度耦合箱线图响应面法（S-BBD）对三种工艺参数分别优化。结果表明,优化方法预测值与实际值存在较优拟合关系, CED、SED、EDWC对TAC和Q的预测误差均不超过1%。分离纯度相同时,SED较CED节约10.37%TAC和6.88%热负荷,EDWC较CED节约10.65%TAC和10.53%热负荷,三种工艺方案均可为化工实际生产提供理论基础。     

基于DEMD的高压隔膜泵单向阀早期故障诊断

针对高压隔膜泵单向阀的早期故障特征提取困难的问题,提出基于微分经验模态分解(differential empirical mode decomposition,简称DEMD)的高压隔膜泵单向阀早期故障诊断方法。首先,对振动信号进行微分运算,提高高频成分的振幅比,使微弱高频成分在后续分解中更易提取;其次,对得到的新信号进行经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD),并将分解后的本征模函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)分量信号进行积分还原;最后,计算分量信号与原振动信号的Kullback-Leibler散度(Kullback-Leibler divergence,简称K-L散度)值,选取K-L散度值较小的分量信号进行重构,并利用Hilbert边际谱对重构信号进行瞬时频谱分析,以提取故障振动信号的特征。仿真与工程实验分析表明,该方法能够较好地提取出单向阀早期故障特征信息。     

基于VMD-HHT边际谱的水工结构损伤诊断

为了准确识别水工结构的损伤,提出一种变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,简称VMD)和Hilbert-Huang变换(Hilbert-Huang transform,简称HHT)边际谱相结合的水工结构损伤诊断方法。首先,采用联合的小波阈值和经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)降噪方法对原始信号进行降噪,减小环境噪声对结构损伤特征信息的干扰;其次,运用方差贡献率数据融合算法对降噪后各测点信号进行动态融合,提取结构完整的振动特性信息;然后,采用VMD方法将动态融合信号分解为一系列固态模量(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF),对各IMF分量进行Hilbert变换,求出融合信号的边际谱;最后,在VMD边际谱的基础上提取一种新的损伤特征向量-损伤灵敏指数,将其与马氏距离相结合对水工结构的损伤类型进行分类,并将该方法应用于悬臂梁模型试验。结果表明:该方法能够有效提取水工结构的损伤特性,准确识别水工结构的损伤和运行状态,为水工结构的安全运行提供了基础。     

Vapor–liquid equilibria for ethyl acetate + methanol and ethyl acetate + ethanol mixtures: Experimental verification and prediction

This work aims of the determination of a series of vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) experimental data at low pressure (70 kPa) for binary mixtures of ethyl acetate with methanol and ethanol. The Fischer's ebulliometer was used for the measurements of VLE data. A complete series of equilibrium data was obtained such as pressure, temperature and compositions of the liquid and vapor phases (PTxy). The two VLE data sets were submitted to a thermodynamic consistence test, where the deviations were evaluated in all variables, using the UNIQUAC activity coefficient equation. The magnitude of the average deviations was within the experimental uncertainty satisfying the Gibbs–Duhen equation. The data sets were also used to test the prediction of the UNIFAC model in its original and modified editions and the results were also within experimental uncertainties. Then a series of binary systems containing alcohols (methanol and ethanol) and esters (methyl and ethyl acetate) were collected from the literature for testing systematically the capability of the UNIFAC contribution method for this type of mixtures.