网络安全技术

近几年来,Internet技术日趋成熟,已经开始了从以提供和保证网络联通性为主要目标的第一代Internet技术向以提供网络数据信息服务为特征的第二代Internet技术的过渡.作为全球使用范围最大的信息网,Intemet自身协议的开放性极大地方便了各种计算机连网,拓宽了共享资源.本文将介绍网络系统的这五个方面及下一代互联网（Ipv6）技术.     

基于集成的年龄估计方法

近十年来, 由于广泛的应用前景, 关于人脸识别的研究得到了广泛的关注. 但目前有一种影响人脸识别技术的因素尚未被研究者所重视, 那就是年龄变化. 而在适用于年龄变化的人脸识别技术中有一个重要的问题, 即年龄估计. 本文基于典型相关分析和代价敏感学习提出了两种年龄估计算法, 并在此基础上利用集成技术来提高年龄估计的准确性. 最终实验结果验证了本文方法的有效性.     

必要的倔强——论数字时代手绘插画的生存能力

随着数字设备在插画创作中的运用,数字化生存已被越来越多的从业者与学界研究人员注重。但数字化的宏观背景下,随着人们生活生活水平与欣赏能力的提高,怀旧意识的增强,追求生活品质的愿望凸显,以及审美心理中的大众化与个性化的矛盾性共生,因此手绘插画依旧有它顽强的生命力。     

基于一种改进NMF算法的人脸年龄估计方法

基于人脸图像的年龄自动估计是人脸识别领域的一个重要研究方向,同时也是一个难点。对此,提出了一种改进的NMF算法来实现人脸年龄估计,该算法首先对NMF分解的基图像进行判别分析,保留最具判别力的基图像来构造子空间,然后将整体训练集图像向得到的子空间进行投影,并用RBF(radial basis function)神经网络进行训练和测试,提取包含在大多数人脸图像上的年龄信息来进行年龄估计,实验结果表明,该算法获得了较好的测试结果。     

基于TW3-C RUS法的骨龄评估方法研究

经典TW3-C RUS (Tanner and Whitehouse 3-Chinese RUS)法将手骨的关键骨骺区域严格划分为9个等级,未充分考虑骨骺发育的连续性,导致骨龄评估存在一定误差。针对该问题,本文提出一种基于TW3-C RUS法的改进骨龄评估方法。采用阈值法的思想,动态选择网络模型输出的前N个等级概率值,并将前N个概率值作为权值计算手骨的加权得分,降低由于手骨单一等级判定引起的误差。针对网络模型冗余问题,采用跨阶段局部网络(cross stage partial network, CSP-Net)轻量化深度残差网络(residual network 50,Resnext50)。实验表明,改进后的方法对男性骨龄评估的平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)为0.421 4岁,女性MAE为0.412 8岁,相比于经典TW3-C RUS法,骨龄评估准确率有明显提升。轻量化后的网络模型参数量为46.28 MB,相比Resnext50网络模型有明显降低。     

融合通道位置注意力机制和并行空洞卷积的人脸年龄合成

目的 人脸年龄合成旨在合成指定年龄人脸图像的同时保持高可信度的人脸,是计算机视觉领域的热门研究方向之一。然而目前主流人脸年龄合成模型过于关注纹理信息,忽视了与人脸相关的多尺度特征,此外网络存在对身份信息筛选不佳的问题。针对以上问题,提出一种融合通道位置注意力机制和并行空洞卷积的人脸年龄合成网络（generative adversarial network（GAN）composed of the parallel dilated convolution and channel-coordinate attention mechanism,PDA-GAN）。方法 PDA-GAN基于生成对抗网络提出了并行三通道空洞卷积残差块和通道—位置注意力机制。并行三通道空洞卷积残差块将3种膨胀系数空洞卷积提取的不同尺度人脸特征融合,提升了特征尺度上的多样性和总量上的丰富度;通道—位置注意力机制通过对人脸特征的长度、宽度和深度显著性计算,定位图像中与年龄高度相关的通道和空间位置区域,增强了网络对通道和空间位置上敏感特征的表达能力,解决了特征冗余问题。结果 实验在Flickr高清人脸数据集（Flickr-faces-high-quality,FFHQ）上训练,在名人人脸属性高清数据集（large-scale celebfaces attributes dataset-high quality,Celeba-HQ）上测试,将本文提出的PDA-GAN与最新的3种人脸年龄图像合成网络进行定性和定量比较,以验证本文方法的有效性。实验结果表明,PDA-GAN显著提升了人脸年龄合成的身份置信度和年龄估计准确度,具有良好的身份信息保留和年龄操控能力。结论 本文方法能够合成具有较高真实度和准确性的目标年龄人脸图像。     

基于信息年龄的变电站业务无线接入选择算法

为更好满足变电站中大规模设备接入和高可靠低时延业务传输需求,提出了一种适用于变电站业务的多频异构无线通信网络接入选择算法。首先构造了一个异构无线网络覆盖下的变电站场景模型,综合考虑变电站业务对于可靠性和有效性的需求。其次为有效提升接收到信息的新鲜程度,以平均信息年龄（Average Age of Information,AAoI）作为无线网络接入选择的优化目标函数,提出了基于信息年龄的变电站业务接入选择优化问题。最后利用深度Q学习（Deep Q-Learning,DQN）方法求解该问题,以获得最佳的接入选择方案。通过对应用实例与试验数据的分析可以看出,所提出的接入选择优化理论和算法,可以降低业务传输时的平均信息年龄,提升数据的新鲜程度。     

Iron working at Zambana el Vato (TN), Italy

ABSTRACT

The workshop of Zambana el Vato (region Trentino, Northern Italy), is dated to the period between the 7th-6th and the 5th century BC. Iron working activities are clearly recognizable from the various finds. Among them there are working slag, heated clay, fragments of hearth or forge, hammerscale and more residues that can be referred to iron technology. A number of selected specimens were sectioned and mounted for photomicroscopy to identify the structure and some of the mounted samples were also examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using both a back scattered electron detector and energy dispersive (EDS) x-ray analysis. This paper presents the results of these studies. The hearths were regularly repaired, as their fragments were found mixed with working slag. The hammerscale samples indicate that there were three iron-working areas. The fragments of forge with traces of tuyeres indicate that bellows were employed. Refining slag was identified among the debris. This is particularly significant as for the moment no iron refining centers are known in this area.     

Optimal imperfect preventive maintenance policy for equipment leased during successive periods

In this paper, we consider randomly failing equipment leased several times during their life cycle with a given warranty period. A mathematical model is developed to determine the optimal efficiency levels of preventive maintenance (PM) to be performed on the equipment between successive lease periods, maximising the expected total profit of the lessor over the equipment life cycle. The model considers the expected leasing revenue as well as the equipment acquisition cost and the average PM and repair costs. PM actions allow reducing the age of the equipment to a certain extent with a corresponding cost depending on the PM level adopted. The efficiency of the PM is determinant of the expected revenue during the next lease period. Given a set of K possible PM levels and the number of lease periods n over the equipment life cycle, K^{n?1 PM} strategies are possible. A genetic algorithm is proposed in order to obtain nearly optimal policies in situations where the number of possibilities K^n?1 is very high. Obtained numerical results are discussed. Small- and big-size instances of the problem are considered in the case of a service company in the oil and gas industry specialised in leasing specific equipment such as separators, to oil companies for production activities with a limited duration of several months like well testing or short production tests.     

Testing Concrete E‐modulus at Very Early Ages Through Several Techniques: An Inter‐laboratory Comparison

The design of concrete structures is based on calculation rules, which often do not take into account the very early age behaviour of the material. However, during this period, structural concrete is subjected to strains due to the hydration process of cement. If these strains are restrained by concrete itself or surrounding boundaries, stresses start to build up that can lead to the formation of cracks. Among the parameters involved in the stress build up, the stiffness evolution is of major importance. This paper reports the use of eight different techniques aimed at stiffness evolution assessment, applied on the same concrete mix, in a round robin experimental test within three laboratories. The observations are compared after having expressed the results at the same equivalent age. Both the loading stress rate and amplitude are observed to have an effect of limited importance on the determination of the quasi‐static elastic modulus, which might be explained by very short term creep. Ultrasonic measurements provide values of E‐modulus that are higher than the values provided by the quasi‐static tests at the time of the concrete setting. Similar mechanisms associated to very short term creep could explain the difference between the quasi‐static and high‐frequency elastic modulus.