Probabilistic Strength Estimates and Reliability of Damaged Parallel Wire Cables

Cable reliability analysis involves the combined evaluation of cable capacity and cable load in a probabilistic manner. Assessment of cable capacity is only possible through visual inspections of the wires, field sampling, laboratory analysis of the degraded wire populations, and analytical techniques. In addition to a brief presentation of cable mechanics and deterministic models that approximate cable strength, this paper discusses inspection methodologies and statistical methods of estimation of the sizes of the degraded wire populations, and wire properties, leading to cable capacities. These capacities are described by probability distributions. The paper also discusses fundamentals of reliability analysis as they apply to bridge cables. Load criteria of present standard specifications (such as AASHTO or other international codes) are not applicable to long-span suspension bridges. The paper discusses criteria of bridge loading and reliability indices for bridge cables. More work is needed in the evaluation of loading for long-span bridges.     

民族特色词语的英汉互译

语言在其发展演变过程中,逐步具有了鲜明的民族文化色彩。阐述了民族特色词语的可译性,并提出了具体的翻译方法。     

金属包覆平板波导模式特性的有限元法分析

采用有限元法（FEM）分析了具有复数折射率的金属包覆介质波导的模折射率与模场分布情况。计算了具有损耗层的6层介质平板波导模折射率，并与解析解比较，二者有较好的一致性；分析了金属包覆3层平板波导中TM模折射率与波导芯厚度的变化关系，计算了金属包覆5层平板波导中TM模折秧经与金属层厚度的变化关系，并结合对模场分布的分析对模式进行了定性判断，给出了其模式演变过程。     

Effect of Organic Additives on Electrochemical Surface Precipitation and Polymorphism of CaCO3

The inhibition effect of three organic additives on the precipitation and polymorphism of CaCO₃ deposited on gold surfaces was investigated using electrochemical and microscopic techniques. Additives, two polyacrylic acid (PAA) polymers with different molecular weights (Mw 2100, Mw 30,000), and 1,2,4,5‐benzenetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), were either added to the solution before or during deposition. In the presence of 100 ppm of one of the three additives in solution, almost no scale was observed on the surface for at least 24 hours. In the presence of lower concentrations of PAA Mw 2100, only distorted calcite crystals were obtained while with PAA Mw 30,000 the polymorph was spherical vaterite. A mixture of calcite and vaterite was observed with the BTCA additive. Addition of the polymers inhibits further nucleation and growth even if added after partial deposition of CaCO₃ while BTCA has no effect once nucleation has started. The results indicate that the inhibit ion effect of the PAA polymers is due to adsorption on the electrode surface while the effect of BTCA is related to chelation of calcium ions in solution.     

尖晶石型软磁铁氧体纳米材料的制备研究进展

介绍了软磁铁氧体纳米材料的特性,综述了近年来具有尖晶石结构的软磁铁氧体纳米材料的制备方法。其中包括:化学共沉淀法,水热法,溶胶-凝胶法,喷雾热解法,微乳液法,相转化法,超临界法,冲击波合成法,微波场下湿法合成,爆炸法,高能球磨法,自蔓延高温合成法等。详细介绍了各种制备方法的特点,研究进展及其发展趋势。     

The Challenge of the Market

Identifying markets for new or improved products for minor crops threatened with extinction is one critical component of any strategy intended to enhance prospects for sustainable production and use. Typically, however, activities linked to the sustainability of these commodities avoid addressing questions associated with assessing their commercial potential. After a brief review of this avoidance syndrome, this article presents a sample of practical, low-cost procedures to help evaluate the market prospects and procedures for crops like quinoa, while citing references to other methodological materials covering similar topics.     

A semiparametric model for compositional data analysis in presence of covariates on the simplex

Compositional data occur as natural realizations of multivariate observations comprising element proportions of some whole quantity. Such observations predominate in disciplines like geology, biology, ecology, economics and chemistry. Due to unit sum constraint on compositional data, specialized statistical methods are required for analyzing these data. Dirichlet distributions were originally used to study compositional data even though this family of distribution is not appropriate (see Aitchison, 1986) because of their extreme independence properties. Aitchison (1982) endeavored to provide a viable alternative to existing methods by employing Logistic Normal distribution to analyze such constrained data. However this family does not include the Dirichlet class and is therefore unable to address the issue of extreme independence. In this paper generalized Liouville family is investigated to model compositional data which includes covariates. This class permits distributions that admit negative or mixed correlation and also contains non-Dirichlet distributions with non-positive correlation and overcomes deficits in the Dirichlet class. Semiparametric Bayesian methods are proposed to estimate the probability density. Predictive distributions are used to assess performance of the model. The methods are illustrated on a real data set.     

活性炭的制备及应用新进展

综述了活性炭材料研究开发的新进展。重点介绍了煤、石油焦、沥青基活性炭的制备方法及针对不同用途的活性炭改性技术，为选择合适的活化方法和制备特殊功能的改性活性炭提供了参考。     

Interface Management within Construction: In Particular, Building Facade

This paper discusses the need for interface management within construction, with particular reference to building facade interfaces. It categorizes the three different types of interface management—physical, contractual, and organizational. The implication of interface management in construction contracting is discussed; it is explained how the U.K. procurement trends have changed, affecting the interface management within projects. U.K. cladding procurement is very fragmented, and the paper maps the development of a typical cladding system showing the complexities of interface management. Finally, the paper discusses CladdISS, a U.K. government funded research project to develop a standardized strategy for the design and management of window and cladding interfaces. It explains the principles of CladdISS with reference to process maps, action plans, management strategy, bibliography, advice on standards, materials, maintenance, joints, movement, and tolerances. This will enable strategies to be developed to avoid the endemic interface problems occurring on-site. It will also guide the management of the interfaces throughout the project.