PAN/FPU Composite Nanofiber Membrane with Superhydrophobic and Superoleophobic Surface as a Filter Element for High-Efficiency Protective Masks

Recently, because of the outbreak of COVID-19, the demand for various types of filter elements in protective materials has increased globally. Furthermore, new requirements for the filtration performance of PM2.5 liquid (oil) particles have been put forward. In this work, Superhydrophobic and superoleophobic composite nanofibers with excellent filtration capacity for oil and salt particles are developed through the modification of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by fluoro-polyurethane (FPU) doping. The results show that the PAN/FPU composite nanofibers doped with 9 wt% FPU has a uniform fiber morphology with a diameter of 240 ± 30 nm. Compared to the pure PAN nanofibers, the water-based contact angle of PAN/FPU increases from 90 ± 5° to 151 ± 5°, and the oil-based contact angle increases from 58 ± 2° to 152 ± 3°. Importantly, at a high flow rate of 95 L min⁻¹, the filtration efficiency of the PAN/FPU nanofiber membrane for 0.3 µm oil particles increases from 92 ± 1% to 99.2 ± 0.1%. After cyclic loading, the filtration efficiency of 0.3 µm oil particles remains above 98%. Meanwhile, the filtration efficiency for 0.3 µm salt particles remains at 98.23 ± 0.1%. The PAN/FPU nanofiber membrane developed in this work is effective in applications and has good market prospects as a protective filtration material.     

Effects of surfactant and particle size on the microstructure and strength of Si3N4 foams with high porosity

The highly porous Si₃N₄ ceramic foams were prepared by direct foaming with mixed surfactants. The surface tension and viscosity of slurries were tailored by different carbon chain length of surfactants and different mean Si₃N₄ particle size to achieve the pore size controlling. The nearly linear relationship between the pore size and the ratio of surface tension to viscosity was observed, which indicates that the pore size could be precisely tailored by the slurry properties. Si₃N₄ ceramic foams with porosity of nearly 94%, mean pore size of 110–230 µm, and compressive strength of 1.24–3.51 MPa were obtained.     

磷石膏提质降杂实验研究

磷石膏的综合利用对保护环境、促进企业可持续健康发展具有重要意义,但是磷石膏中的磷、氟、二氧化硅等杂质影响其利用。针对云南磷石膏中二氧化硅含量高的问题,采用正浮选工艺开展了磷石膏提质降杂的实验研究。通过单因素条件实验获得了合适的工艺参数：浮选温度为15 ℃、矿浆pH为2、十二胺用量为300 g/t。在此条件下,进行了“一粗二精”的正浮选开路流程实验,获得了二水石膏（CaSO₄·2H₂O）质量分数为97.5%、二氧化硅质量分数为1.17%的精矿,所得精矿达到了GB/T 23456—2018《磷石膏》一级品指标的要求;二水石膏回收率为98.58%、二氧化硅去除率为92.23%。通过正浮选不仅成功实现了二水石膏和二氧化硅的有效分离,而且磷石膏中的水溶磷和水溶氟也得到了有效去除,从而提高了磷石膏的品质。     

SPV490钢轧后在线热处理工艺研究

研究了SPV490钢控轧后在线直接淬火、回火工艺参数与其力学性能之间的关系。分析了不同的工艺参数对钢板组织及性能的影响。结果表明:经奥氏体再结晶区和未再结晶区两阶段结合控制轧制后在线930℃直接淬火、640℃回火,钢板可获得均匀、细小的回火索氏体组织,其综合力学性能均超过标准要求。     

Al-K2ZrF6体系熔体反应法合成复合材料的微观组织和力学性能

开发了Al-K2ZrF6体系熔体反应法合成原位铝基复合材料，采用XRD，SEM和TEM分析了复合材料中相组成、微观组织和界面结构。实验结果表明：合成的增强相为Al3Zr颗粒，常规金属型铸造的复合材料中其尺寸在3μm～4μm左右，一般成聚集态分布，颗粒形貌基本为长方体状：该复合材料经重熔快淬成形后，颗粒尺寸减小，基本为粒状，并弥散分布于基体上。Al3Zr／Al复合材料的界面结构研究表明，Al3Zr颗粒与Al存在一定的晶体学位向关系：[^-2^-21]Al3Zr∥[100]Al，（012）Al3Zr∥（1^-10）Al，其点阵错位度仅为10．87％，这表明Al3Zr颗粒可作为基体Al相的形核衬底。Al3Zr／Al复合材料的力学性能测试显示，当Al3Zr颗粒体积分数为11.2％时，抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为148．7MPa和110．2MPa，而且Al3Zr／Al复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度均随颗粒体积分数增加显著提高。     

Analysis of the Thermal Explosion in Systems Porous Reagent–Active Gas–Solid Product

The specific features of dynamics of the thermal explosion in systems porous reagent–active gas–solid product under conditions where the heattransfer and masstransfer regions are separated from the ambient medium are considered. In addition to the competition of heat release and heat removal, the process of initiation of exothermal chemical interaction in these systems under normal pressures depends significantly on conditions of filtration transport of the gaseous reagent. The induction and postinduction periods of the thermal explosion are studied. The theoretical analysis of thermalexplosion issues is supplemented by an experimental study of the process for the porous titanium–nitrogen–titanium nitride system.     

恒压操作下深层过滤阻力模型的研究

分析了流体在深层滤床中所受的阻力,从经典的达西公式和科泽尼——卡曼方程着手,推导出清洁滤层的过滤阻力及过滤速度表达式,在此基础上结合深层过滤物理模型,引入微元概念,得到恒压操作下截污滤层的过滤阻力和过滤速度数学模型,明确了过滤阻力随各种参数的变化关系,对恒压操作深层过滤的应用有指导意义。     

由二氧化碳出发合成有机碳酸酯

对以二氧化碳为原料合成有机碳酸酯的环氧路线、酯交换和直接合成方法作了综合评述 ,认为直接合成是最佳的合成路线。碳酸酯的直接合成可在均相及多相催化体系中进行 ,负载金属、金属甲氧基化合物及碱均可作为催化剂。直接法研究的关键在于高性能催化剂的开发、由二氧化碳对金属 -氧键插入反应导致的催化循环的构筑及耦合反应的应用。     

膜技术在发酵工业中的应用

介绍了膜技术在发酵工业中的应用,主要包括膜分离和膜生物反应器.重点分析了错流过滤应用中的问题.     

池窑拉丝DCS控制系统中mV信号的干扰与抗干扰

本文是对玻纤工业池窑拉丝DCS过程控制中，mV信号的干扰形成与抗干扰方法的总结。