The uses of fuzzy logic in autonomous robot navigation

 The development of techniques for autonomous navigation in real-world environments constitutes one of the major trends in the current research on robotics. An important problem in autonomous navigation is the need to cope with the large amount of uncertainty that is inherent of natural environments. Fuzzy logic has features that make it an adequate tool to address this problem. In this paper, we review some of the possible uses of fuzzy logic in the field of autonomous navigation. We focus on four issues: how to design robust behavior-producing modules; how to coordinate the activity of several such modules; how to use data from the sensors; and how to integrate high-level reasoning and low-level execution. For each issue, we review some of the proposals in the literature, and discuss the pros and cons of fuzzy logic solutions. Received: 31 March 1997 / Accepted: 24 September 1997     

行为经济学——一门新兴的学科

进入９０年代以来，经济的发展又一次推动着经济理论的发展和演变．新经济的现象不断出现，使得经济学靠模型和计算机未能找到解决问题的答案，正统经济学再次受到严峻的挑战．与此同时，行为经济学，以人类的行为作为基本研究对象的经济理论，正逐步发展起来．本文将介绍行为经济学的产生和发展、主要理论观点以及一些行为分析对中国社会经济发展的启示．     

剪切场下聚合物结晶形态学研究进展

聚合物熔体被引入剪切场后，会发生与静态下不同的结晶现象。微观上可以得到伸直链晶体、片晶及串晶；宏观上除了静态下典型的球晶外，还能观察到球晶的变形和柱晶等。另外，剪切还可以使晶体发生晶型转变。本文对聚合物熔体在剪切场下结晶形态学的研究进展进行了介绍。     

Physical Maltreatment Victim to Antisocial Child: Evidence of an Environmentally Mediated Process.

The well-documented finding that child physical maltreatment predicts later antisocial behavior has at least 2 explanations: (a) Physical maltreatment causes antisocial behavior, and (b) genetic factors transmitted from parents to children influence the likelihood that parents will be abusive and that children will engage in antisocial behavior. The authors tested these hypotheses in the representative Environmental-Risk cohort of 1,116 twin pairs and their families, who were assessed when the twins were 5 and 7 years old. Mothers reported on children's experience of physical maltreatment, and mothers and teachers reported on children's antisocial behavior. The findings support the hypothesis that physical maltreatment plays a causal role in the development of children's antisocial behavior and that preventing maltreatment can prevent its violent sequelae. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Donald Redfield Griffin (1915-2003).

Presents an obituary for Donald Redfield Griffin, who passed away on November 7, 2003. Dr. Griffin was noted for rigorous research in animal behavior, founding the field of cognitive ethology and suggesting that animals have subjective feelings and conscious thoughts that are amenable to scientific study. Dr. Griffin demonstrated that bats emit high-frequency sounds with which they can locate objects as small as flying insects and coined the term echolocation, and he conducted extensive studies of the manner in which birds orient toward home. Many scientists were influenced by him and showed great respect for this remarkable scientist. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Dark Side of Relational Pursuit: From Attraction to Obsession and Stalking,.

Review declaring pleasant surprise with this relatively short book on stalking. It contains 164 pages of text, and provides a thorough context for understanding and treating stalking behavior, including a focus on both victim and perpetrator. The book is divided into five chapters. The first of these defines the nature of stalking behavior. Stalking is defined as harmful conduct, which involves unwanted communication and repeated unwanted intrusion by one individual upon another. The review notes that stalking behavior has three defining characteristics--(a) relentless and persistent contact, which is (b) unwanted and (c) adverse to the recipient. It is further observed that there is no single motive for stalking, nor any specific psychological profile for the personality of stalkers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于马尔可夫决策过程的电动汽车充电行为分析

针对电动汽车充电行为不确定性问题,建立了基于出行链理论的电动汽车出行及电池电量变化模型,提出了引入马尔可夫决策过程（Markov decision processes, MDP）的电动汽车用户充电行为分析方法。该方法将用户充电行为作为马尔可夫决策集,根据车辆在各区域间的转移概率构造状态转移矩阵,设置用户满意度指标作为决策过程报酬函数,通过求解有限阶段总报酬准则得到电动汽车用户在每个决策点处的最优充电决策。算例部分根据抽取电动汽车特征量数据进行马尔可夫决策过程仿真,得出充电负荷的时间与空间分布情况,通过与传统蒙特卡洛方法进行对比表明该文所提方法可以较好地模拟用户整个出行过程中的充电行为,反映充电需求的时空分布特点;同时,分析了不同区域、不同停车时长情况下电动汽车的不同充电行为,能够为电动汽车充电桩的规划建设提供参考。     

常压H2气氛烧结W-TiC合金的致密化行为和性能

采用粉末冶金方法在常压H2气氛下制备W-TiC合金,研究W-TiC合金的烧结致密化行为,并对合金的性能和组织结构进行分析.结果表明:添加微量强化烧结元素可改善W-TiC合金的烧结活性,在1700℃烧结120min后其相对密度达到99.2％;随着烧结温度的升高,W-TiC合金的拉伸强度提高,在2000℃烧结120 min...     

低活化马氏体钢热变形行为及机理型本构建模研究

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机研究了低活化马氏体钢在变形温度为850～950 ℃、应变速率为0.001～1 s^-1条件下的热变形行为。建立了流变应力本构方程,并评估了该方程的预测能力。绘制了低活化马氏体钢在不同应变下的热加工图。结果表明：在较高的应变速率条件下,该材料主要发生动态回复,在较高变形温度和较低应变速率下具有明显的动态再结晶特征;本构方程的预测结果与实验结果符合良好;变形温度870～930 ℃、应变速率0.001～0.01 s^-1和变形温度920～950 ℃、应变速率0.3～1 s^-1分别是真应变为0.4和0.6下最优的热加工区域。     

试样厚度对共聚聚烯烃材料断裂行为参数的影响

采用基本断裂功法对共聚聚丙烯压制双边缺口拉伸试样的断裂行为进行研究,分析了厚度变化对材料多项断裂参数的影响。结果表明,当厚度在0.6 mm~1.1 mm时,材料的断裂韧性we随厚度增大呈现出明显的下降趋势,下降幅度约30%,主要由屈服后的we,n降低所致,屈服前的we,y无明显变化;材料的比塑性功βwp随厚度增大未呈现明显的变化,且屈服前的βywp,y和屈服后的βnwp,n均无明显变化。同时求得了外推的零韧带断裂位移e0,b和最大载荷P0,y,随厚度增大,前者具有一定的下降趋势,后者则显示出较大的增长趋势。