从历届部级优秀建筑设计奖获奖作品看当代中国现代主义建筑的发展

改革开放以后,国内设置了一系列奖项以鼓励和刺激建筑设计的发展,其中“建设部优秀建筑设计奖”最具连续性、权威性和时效性,它在一定程度上反映了我国建筑设计的发展情况。本文对该奖项截至2005年的获奖作品进行简单梳理,总结出改革开放以后中国现代主义建筑创作手法的五种倾向。     

The Heritage of the Productive Landscape: Landscape Design for Rural Areas in the Netherlands, 1954-1985

In the current debate about the future of the Dutch countryside, more and more attention is drawn to the role of landscape heritage. Spatial designers are asked to translate historic identities into spatial forms in order to bridge the gap between past and future. Special cultural heritage policies are developed to stimulate a shift in design practice and to increase awareness of the value of cultural landscapes. Because interpretation of the rural landscape is often rooted in nostalgia, most conservation efforts are directed at old historical landscapes and rural scenes. But what about modern rural landscapes? How do these landscapes relate to the emerging issue of heritage protection and development? To answer this question the historical significance of these landscapes was examined by analyzing their design in the slipstream of post-war reconstruction. Attention was also given to their possible future in a planning and management context that is increasingly influenced by a public and professional demand for landscape conservation and heritage. We argue that these landscapes are at odds with the values and core convictions of the current heritage policies and merit recognition in their own right.     

Convoluted Flesh: A Synthetic Approach to Analogue and Digital Architecture

Marcos Cruz and Marjan Colletti advocate their own distinct design approach that is intuitive and blissful in its opulence, evoking the sublime.Here they discuss the potential of opening up ‘new spatial, or material possibilities’ that are liberated from the self-imposed restrictions of their more technologically driven contemporaries. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

New urban forms: the crescents of Bath and Le Corbusier's plan for Rio de Janeiro

This article considers whether formal references in Le Corbusier's work may be traced to the eigtheenth century crescents of Bath and, in particular, Lansdowne Crescent. By exploring this line, it raises the possibility that in the work he produced for the Latin American context, this arch-modernist planner moved beyond the de-contextualized approach for which he is known and explored the possibility of integrating new urban forms with nature. The article also shows how Le Corbusier's plans for Rio de Janeiro allowed him to become an important formal reference point for successive generations of local architects and planners.     

Michel Ecochard in Lebanon and Syria (1956–1968). The spread of Modernism,the building of the independent states and the rise of local professionals of planning

The architect and planner Michel Ecochard has had a long career in developing countries, from its first works in Syria under the French rule, until the 1970s. He represented the modernist and functionalist approach to planning in a time of modernization. In this article, we concentrate on his work in Lebanon and Syria between the end of the 1950s and the 1960s. He prepared the master plans of Beirut and of Damascus. Those works represented the end of an era rooted in colonial planning. It was also the beginning of a new time, with the local planners taking on, sometimes sharing, sometimes contesting Ecochard's visions. Building on recent scholarship on the circulation of planning ideas, we focus on the reception of Ecochard's proposals. Though most political elites and planning professionals shared most of Ecochard's views, the political circumstances and the changing social conditions led to adjustments and reorientations. The new planning framework was also a major factor of change.     

‘Resistance was futile!’ Cycling’s discourses of resistance to UK automobile modernism 1950–1970

This paper investigates the place of utility cycling (cycling as a means of transport rather than as a sport or leisure activity) under urban modernism in the UK. In many western contexts the dominant feature of urban modernism was its emphasis on accommodating private vehicles to the neglect of other forms of mobility. The result was the production of a ‘car-system’ with significant change to urban and rural environments. This paper assesses resistance to what we term ‘automobile modernism’ during the high watermark of its planning and implementation (1950–1970), using the UK Cyclists’ Touring Club (now known as Cycling UK) archive. We make three contributions. First, and primarily, we highlight how cycling advocacy contested automobile modernism’s claim that cycling was ‘outmoded’. In so doing we note significant continuity in policy debates and political advocacy regarding cycling’s place in the road environment around issues such as segregation from motor vehicles. Contemporary attempts to promote cycling, as well as a wider urban sustainability agenda, are heavily influenced by this history. Second, we highlight a commonality between cycling and other resistance to automobile modernism in terms of rural and urban landscape impacts. Third, we highlight how the CTC ‘professionalized’ its advocacy to resist automobile modernism.     

试从后现代视角解读朗香教堂的建筑景观

本文试图在前辈对朗香教堂的研究下挖掘朗香教堂的后现代性,从柯布西耶的现代主义建筑意识转变,朗香教堂中透露出来的后现代特征,以及举例说明朗香教堂对后现代建筑的启发与影响来解读朗香教堂。     

奥斯卡·尼迈耶--拉戈阿住宅与卡诺阿斯住宅

本文旨在分析巴西建筑师奥斯卡·尼迈耶在1942年与1953年所建造的两幢自宅,归纳在其空间构成、结构以及体验上的异同,重点在于分析这两幢住宅与各自所处的环境关系。文章结论系于尼迈耶如何将柯布西耶的设计理念与巴西的环境相结合。在第一幢住宅中,他严格地遵守柯布所设定的原则,而其后则在卡诺阿斯住宅的自由形体中作出种种发展与修改。在第二幢住宅中,建筑与自然紧密联系,并可以在可视性与可达性上通过空间句法分析证明。同时也可认为拉戈阿住宅功能被明确区分为室内与室外两个独立部分,而卡诺阿斯住宅则作为一个完整的整体体系。全部的研究基于柯布西耶理念背景以及巴西自由形式运动。     

解构主义对现代主义设计的意义

通过分析现代设计的发展历程,进而论证了解构主义设计自诞生以来对现代设计作出的巨大贡献。这种贡献不仅仅体现在它的广度上,更在于它的深度:即从思想观念与设计理念上对现代设计作出了影响。