Effects of Non-Opioid Analgesics on the Cell Membrane of Skin and Gastrointestinal Cancers

Skin and gastrointestinal cancer cells are the target of research by many scientists due to the increasing morbidity and mortality rates around the world. New indications for drugs used in various conditions are being discovered. Non-opioid analgesics are worth noting as very popular, widely available, relatively cheap medications. They also have the ability to modulate the membrane components of tumor cells. The aim of this review is to analyze the impact of diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol on skin and gastrointestinal cancers cell membrane. These drugs may affect the membrane through topical application, at the in vitro and in vivo level after oral or parenteral administration. They can lead to up- or downregulated expression of receptors, transporters and other molecules associated with plasma membrane. Medications may also alter the lipid bilayer composition of membrane, resulting in changes in its integrity and fluidity. Described modulations can cause the visualization of cancer cells, enhanced response of the immune system and the initiation of cell death. The outcome of this is inhibition of progression or reduction of tumor mass and supports chemotherapy. In conclusion, non-opioid analgesics may be used in the future as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of these cancers.     

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate on Melanoma Cell Line: Inhibition of Cerebral Metastases Formation by Targeting NF-kB Genes-Mediating MicroRNA-4443 and MicroRNA-3620—Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate Effect on Melanoma

Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a natural compound isolated from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), has exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects in vitro. Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DPG), a dipotassium salt of GA, also has shown an anti-tumor effect on glioblastoma cell lines, U87MG and T98G. The study investigated the DPG effects in the melanoma cell line (SK-MEL-28). MTT assay demonstrated that the viability of the cells was significantly decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner after DPG (IC₅₀ = 36 mM; 24 h). DNA fragmentation suggested that DPG (IC₅₀) induced cellular apoptosis, which was confirmed by a significant number of TUNEL-positive cells (p-value = 0.048) and by PARP-1 [0.55 vs. 1.02 arbitrary units (AUs), p-value = 0.001], BAX (1.91 vs. 1.05 AUs, p-value = 0.09), and BCL-2 (0.51 vs. 1.07 AUs, p-value = 0.0018) mRNA compared to control cells. The proliferation and wound-healing assays showed an anti-proliferative effect on DPG-IC₅₀-treated cells, also indicating an inhibitory effect on cell migration (p-values < 0.001). Moreover, it was observed that DPG promoted a 100% reduction in melanospheres formation (p-value = 0.008). Our previous microRNAs (miRs) global analysis has revealed that DPG might increase miR-4443 and miR-3620 expression levels. Thus, qPCR showed that after DPG treatment, SK-MEL-28 cells presented significantly high miR-4443 (1.77 vs. 1.04 AUs, p-value = 0.02) and miR-3620 (2.30 vs. 1.00 AUs, p-value = 0.01) expression compared to control cells, which are predicted to target the NF-kB, CD209 and TNC genes, respectively. Both genes are responsible for cell attachment and migration, and qPCR revealed significantly decreased CD209 (1.01 vs. 0.54 AUs, p-value = 0.018) and TNC (1.00 vs. 0.31 AUs, p-value = 2.38 × 10⁻⁶) mRNA expression levels after DPG compared to untreated cells. Furthermore, the migration of SK-MEL-28 cells stimulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was attenuated by adding DPG by wound-healing assay (48 h: p-value = 0.004; 72 h: p-value = 7.0 × 10⁻⁴). In addition, the MMP-9 expression level was inhibited by DPG in melanoma cells stimulated by TPA and compared to TPA-treated cells (3.56 vs. 0.99 AUs, p-value = 0.0016) after 24 h of treatment. Our results suggested that DPG has an apoptotic, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory effect on SK-MEL-28 cells. DPG was also able to inhibit cancer stem-like cells that may cause cerebral tumor formation.     

基于间接矩阵变换器的异步电动机直接转矩控制

间接矩阵变换器是一种直接变换型交流-交流电力变换装置,与交-直-交变换器和传统矩阵变换器相比,具有很多优良的特性。异步电动机直接转矩控制以其简洁明了的系统结构,优良的静、动态性能,获得转矩的高动态性能。为了在实现异步电动机的高动静态性能调速的同时,满足电网电能质量的要求,提出一种采用间接矩阵变换器驱动异步电动机的直接转矩控制系统调制策略。利用这种调制策略,在异步电动机高速运行的条件下,一方面实现异步电动机的高性能交流调速,另一方面使系统具有良好的输入特性,能够满足日益严格的电网电能质量的要求。数值仿真结果验证这种调制策略的可行性。     

旋转部件非接触式测温装置供电及通信研究

针对高速辊体温度非接触式测量装置供电及通信单元结构复杂、易受干扰的问题,研制了一种结构简单、测量精度高的新型测温装置.利用由两个电感线圈构成的空心变压器既完成能量传送又能进行信息通信.定子侧直流电源经全桥逆变后利用电感耦合原理向转子供电.通过曼彻斯特编码方式调制采样数据得到通信信号,利用反向调制原理,向定子侧传递温度信息完成定转子之间通信.经理论计算与硬件实验表明,装置具有良好的供电稳定性以及通信抗干扰能力.     

逆变器脉宽调制中基于脉冲的死区补偿方法

逆变器PWM波形中由于死区时间的存在可能会导致电力电子器件的短路,最终影响输出波形并降低可靠性.虽然每一个死区时间都很短.但如果按周期计算的话,叠加起来的死区会对输出的PWM波形产生很大影响.提出了一种修正死区时间的方法,即基于脉冲的死区补偿方法(PBDTC).与其他方法相比,该方法需要的硬件和软件比较少,且成奉较低.该方法在分析单个脉冲死区时间的基础上,对每个单脉冲进行修正.将实验结果与其他方法进行了比较.证明该补偿方法较为完美.     

基于DFB激光器的振动传感系统改进PGC解调算法

相位生成载波(Phase Generated Carrier, PGC)解调算法是目前光纤干涉传感领域中重要的解调算法。针对目前PGC解调算法中光强扰动和调制深度影响信号解调准确度的问题,提出了一种改进的PGC解调算法(PGC-Ameliorated),并搭建了基于分布反馈(Distributed Feedback, DFB)激光器的振动传感系统进行实验验证。实验结果表明,当被测振动信号的频率为800 Hz时,该算法信噪比为57 dB,优于微分交叉相乘(Differential and Cross Multiplying, DCM)算法和反正切(Arctan)算法近20 dB。在不同光强下,该算法解调信号幅值波动范围在±0.02 rad;在不同调制深度下,该算法总谐波失真最小为0.61%,信纳比最大为25.9 dB,相比于DCM算法和Arctan算法具有更低的总谐波失真和更高的信纳比。     

甲烷探测系统中干涉噪声的研究

甲烷在近红外波段的探测越来越多,为了补偿弱吸收缺点,使用灵敏度高的谐波检测技术.由于DFB激光器具有长相干的特点,在探测系统中容易产生干涉噪声.本文就气室所造成的干涉噪声进行理论分析,讨论了干涉噪声与正弦调制指数、气室长度的关系.基于这种关系,通过选择恰当的参数来减少干涉噪声.文中指出选用二次谐波来检测气体的原因及减少干涉噪声的方法.介绍了结构简单的聚焦气室,与传统的准直气室相比,具有插入损耗小,噪声低等优点,足多点光纤传感系统的理想选择.     

基于调制识别特征的调幅通信干扰效果评估

分析了调幅（AM）通信调制与解调原理,研究了AM调制识别的方法与特征值的选取,提出了利用包络检测得到的信息作为特征值对AM信号的通信干扰效果进行有效评估的方法,给出了详细的计算过程。仿真实验证明评估结果与传统的方法有很好的一致性。     

同心切圆燃烧系统偏转二次风的试验研究与探讨

对同心切圆燃烧系统(CFS)中偏转二次风对炉内动力场、结焦、NOx排放等的影响进行了研究和探讨,分析了偏转二次风设计中应注意的问题。同时,对偏转二次风合理的偏转角度和一、二次风动量矩比以及适用煤质等提出建议。     

利用相位和强度调制器产生高消光比超短光脉冲

提出了一种产生高消光比超短光脉冲的新方法.利用相位调制器调制连续光生成啾啁光,而后利用M-Z强度调制器的倍频调制抑制对压缩不利的啁啾部分的影响,再通过等效啁啾光纤光栅进行压缩产生光脉冲.理论和仿真结果表明,该方法可以很好地消除光脉冲的基底及减小旁辦,产生消光比大于30 dB、波形理想的光脉冲,具有很强的可实现性.最后利用实际制作的色散系数为-380 ps/nm的等效啁啾光纤光栅对该方法进行了实验验证,结果表明,在重复频率为2.5 GHz、相位调制系数为9时,可产生脉宽小于18 ps的高质量光脉冲.