Deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions associated with fuelwood consumption of the brick making industry in Sudan

The study focuses on the role of the fired clay brick making industry (BMI) on deforestation and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Sudan. The BMI is based on numerous kilns that use biomass fuel, mainly wood which is largely harvested unsustainably. This results in potential deforestation and land degradation. Fuelwood consumption data was collected using interviews and questionnaires from 25 BMI enterprises in three administrative regions, namely Khartoum, Kassala and Gezira. Annual fuelwood consumption data (t dm yr^− 1) was converted into harvested biomass (m³) using a wood density value of 0.65 t dm m^− 3. For annual GHG estimations, the methodological approach outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was used. According to our results, the annual deforestation associated with the BMI for the whole of Sudan is 508.4 × 10³ m³ of wood biomass, including 267.6 × 10³ m³ round wood and 240.8 × 10³ m³ branches and small trees. Total GHG emissions from the Sudanese BMI are estimated at 378 028 t CO₂, 15 554 t CO, 1778 t CH₄, 442 t NO_X, 288 t NO and 12 t N₂O per annum. The combined CO₂-equivalent (global warming potential for 100-year time horizon) of the GHG emissions (excluding NO_X and NO) is 455 666 t yr^− 1. While these emissions form only a small part of Sudan's total GHG emissions, the associated deforestation and land degradation is of concern and effort should be made for greater use of sustainable forest resources and management.     

TOPSIS方法在施工管理中的应用

本文用联系数的方法对多指标决策的TOPSIS方法作了改进,克服了传统多指标决策TOPSIS方法不计方案点与理想点和负理想点非线性关系的不足.从而可以更加准确地确定最佳施工方案.     

三乙胺冷芯盒工艺研究与应用

针对三乙胺冷芯工艺在生产中出现的问题,对比了两种冷芯树脂砂可使用时间的长短,试验验证了延时剂和防潮剂对树脂砂可使用时间的影响;从三乙胺冷芯制芯工艺的特性角度,通过大量生产实践和长期积累,总结出了实用型经验及工艺参数,具有较强的借鉴意义;详细阐述了冷芯树脂砂可使用时间和砂芯变形现象对生产及铸件质量的影响,并根据芯砂可使用时间研究结论与制芯工艺特性分析结果,解决了芯砂可使用时间过短与4GC缸体油道渗漏及断芯问题。     

The research on structural damage identification using rough set and integrated neural network

A huge amount of information and identification accuracy in large civil engineering structural damage identification has not been addressed yet. To efficiently solve this problem, a new damage identification method based on rough set and integrated neural network is first proposed. In brief, rough set was used to reduce attributes so as to decrease spatial dimensions of data and extract effective features. And then the reduced attributes will be put into the sub-neural network. The sub-neural network can give the preliminary diagnosis from different aspects of damage. The decision fusion network will give the final damage identification results. The identification examples show that this method can simplify the redundant information to reduce the neural network model, making full use of the range of information to effectively improve the accuracy of structural damage identification.     

发展中国林木生物质成型燃料

面对化石能源的逐渐枯竭,开发可再生的生物质能源势在必行.通过对我国林木生物质资源的调研,每年有8～10亿吨林业"三剩"可用作生物质能源的原料.林木生物质成型燃料具有热值较高、可替代煤炭、燃烧洁净、在技术上易于实现的特点.生物质常温成型是一种能耗较低的成型技术,具有广阔的应用前景.     

FP石膏在硫化轮胎模具上的应用

主要阐述FP石膏材料、制芯工艺过程及烘干工艺，阐述了应用硅橡胶母模复制石膏芯表面光洁度高，尺寸精度较好，硫化轮胎的铸造成品率达99％以上。     

超低硫X65管线钢中非金属夹杂物研究

对本钢超低硫X65管线钢中夹杂物的研究结果表明,LF精炼初期,钢中夹杂物主要是球形、多边形和大量簇状的Al2O3夹杂物,99.1%的夹杂物尺寸小于20μm。微合金化后,部分Al2O3夹杂物中出现TiO、SiO2、MnS等成分。钙处理后,夹杂物的平均直径达到8.58μm,大量夹杂物为含有微量MgO、SiO2或MnS等的2~50μm的球形mCaO.nAl2O3,部分为Al2O3、MnS、CaS或CaS-MnS。铸坯中夹杂物数量最少且尺寸最小,96.9%的夹杂物尺寸小于10μm,未发现大于50μm的夹杂物,平均直径为3.71μm。铸坯中大部分为球形的以mCaO.nAl2O3为主要成分的复合夹杂物,还有少量的Al2O3、MnS和CaS夹杂物等。     

过滤技术与设备在炼钢连铸水处理中的应用

结合炼钢连铸水处理的实例,从研究过滤机理(理论发展及物理模型)出发,探讨了过滤技术和设备在该类水处理工程中的应用,提出了运行中的关键问题,如过滤精度、滤料、过滤操作及反冲洗等。并总结了运行实践中的一些经验,有效的提高了过滤效率,取得了良好的供水水质,为炼钢连铸生产的顺行提供了保障。     

SBR-混凝法处理制浆中段废水

对制浆中段废水采用SBR--混凝法处理进行了研究.实验结果表明,采用非限制曝气条件比限制曝气条件CODCr去除率高;混凝处理时,混凝剂PAC和助凝剂CPAM最佳投加质量浓度分别为400mg/L和15 mg/L,混凝时pH为7;对制浆中段废水采用SBR--混凝法处理结果表明,出水CODCr总去除率在82%以上,SS总去除率在94%以上,pH为7.3～7.5,色度为22～29倍,出水基本无色无臭,完全达到GB 3544-2001所规定的排放要求,并且能完全回用.     

膜分离技术应用于草浆造纸清洁生产

在错流流速5 m•s^-1、压力0.3 MPa 、温度20℃条件下,用0.2、0.5、0.8 μm无机陶瓷膜对草浆造纸黑液进行了膜滤研究.考察了无机陶瓷膜对污染物的截留效果,探索膜的清洗与膜分离技术用于草浆造纸废液循环回用的途径.