相转移催化剂与反应机理的结构适应性研究

有机化学反应中,催化剂的选择关系到有机物合成的效率及产物的纯度,为了提高催化剂的研制效率,缩小催化剂的选择范围,对某些季铵盐类相转移催化剂与反应速率、产物组成之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明:适宜的催化剂,其结构往往与反应机理相适应。     

山地城市径流污染特征分析

以重庆主城某大学校园为例,对路面、屋面和绿地等3种典型的城市下垫面径流水质进行了监测,指标包括pH、悬浮固体（SS）、化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮（NH3-N）、总磷（TP）等。研究结果表明：除TP外主要污染物质的平均浓度均超过地表水环境Ⅴ类标准,降雨径流SS的平均浓度可高达1.73×103mg/L,COD和NH3-N平均浓度可高达76.25 mg/L和3.67 mg/L;存在显著地初期冲刷效应,混凝土路面的SS、COD、NH3-N的初期径流浓度分别为2.33×103mg/L、106.4 mg/L、5.64 mg/L,初期径流浓度相当于全场降雨径流浓度的2-4倍左右,其最高值出现在产流后10~15 min内。对比3场不同降雨强度下的径流水质,降雨强度越大,径流污染物浓度越高,其中降雨强度对大坡度路面的地表径流污染物浓度影响更大。     

Towards evolvable Internet architecture-design constraints and models analysis

There is a general consensus about the success of Internet architecture in academia and industry. However, with the development of diversified application, the existing Internet architecture is facing more and more challenges in scalability, security, mobility and performance. A novel evolvable Internet architecture framework is proposed in this paper to meet the continuous changing application requirements. The basic idea of evolvability is relaxing the constraints that limit the development of the architecture while adhering to the core design principles of the Internet. Three important design constraints used to ensure the construction of the evolvable architecture, including the evolvability constraint, the economic adaptability constraint and the manageability constraint, are comprehensively described. We consider that the evolvable architecture can be developed from the network layer under these design constraints. What＇s more, we believe that the address system is the foundation of the Internet. Therefore, we propose a general address platform which provides a more open and efficient network environment for the research and development of the evolvable architecture.     

塔里木河“二源一干”生态供水潜力研究

为解决塔里木河干流水资源短缺、流域损失水量过大、用水效率低下、农业灌溉用水挤占生态用水等问题,基于“节水优先”的治水方针,以塔里木河二源流(阿克苏河、叶尔羌河)及其干流(“二源一干”)的山区水库群和平原水库群为研究对象,兼顾塔里木河干流的农业灌溉用水、生态用水、工业用水、生活用水等多目标,构建并求解了现状水平年和远景规划年的山区与平原水库群联合调度优化模型,分析了塔里木河干流的生态供水潜力和山区水库群联合调度的贡献。结果表明：仅通过干流平原水库群联合调度,农业灌溉用水和生态用水的供水保证率难以满足设计要求;通过山区与平原水库群优化调度,在远景规划年各行业均满足设计保证率要求,体现了山区水库群显著的调控性能和“节水优先”治水方针的合理性和可靠性;远景规划年塔里木河干流的生态供水潜力为2.84亿m³,可为塔里木河下游生态保护与修复提供了坚实的水量基础。     

高密度电法与AMT在断裂构造调查中的综合应用

将音频大地电磁测量(AMT)和常规高密度电法相结合,综合利用两种方法的优点查找隐伏断裂构造具有较强的实用性。本文以龙门山断裂带隐伏断层调查为实例,首先介绍了工作区域的地电特征(判断是否具备开展电法工作的前提条件)、两种方法的工作原理及各自的数据处理流程,然后将同一测线上两种方法的测量成果加以对比,从而阐明两种方法各自的优缺点:AMT法测量深度大,但分辨率较低,高密度电法测量深度较浅,但分辨率高;AMT法易受外界电磁场干扰,而高密度电法易受水系、农田等低阻带影响。综上所述,二者在成果及适用范围上具有较高的互补性,在实际工作中适时地将两种方法结合起来,可以达到很好的效果。     

无辅助工艺低渗透稠油油藏热洗效果预测

针对开采初期的低渗透稠油油藏,热洗是最简单、经济、有效的清蜡、解堵工艺。无辅助工艺的热洗作业效果和多因素有关,如热洗排量、温度、时间、热洗介质、油井的产液量、动液面、泵挂深度、地质因素等。为更好地评价热洗质量,系统归纳热洗恢复周期的界定标准,提出用热洗恢复周期作为衡量热洗效果的综合评价指标。热洗恢复周期是影响热洗效果诸多因素综合作用影响的外在体现,利用已知的历史数据预测热洗后的恢复周期,从而达到预测热洗效果的目的。该方法简单实用,用我国典型低渗透稠油油藏M油藏进行实例分析,预测符合率达到100%。     

山地风电场工程水土保持方案初探

文章介绍了山地风电场具有生态系统脆弱、地形复杂、对外交通条件差、毗邻旅游风景区等特点,风电场开发建设过程中将会对原有地表造成破坏,导致植被退化、水土流失加剧。针对山地风电工程水土保持措施进行探讨,以期为类似项目的水土保持提供借鉴。     

Limiting drainage criterion for groundwater of mountain tunnel

Large amount of groundwater discharging from tunnel is likely to cause destruction of the ecological environment in the vicinity of the tunnel, thus an appropriate drainage criterion should be established to balance the tunnel construction and groundwater.To assess the related problems, an limiting drainage standard ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 m3/（m·d） was suggested for mountain tunnels based on survey and comparative analysis. After that, for the purpose of verifying the rationality of the standard, a calculated formula for dewatering funnel volume caused by drainage was deduced on the basis of the groundwater dynamics and experience method.Furthermore, the equation about the relationship between water discharge and drawdown of groundwater table was presented. The permeability coefficient, specific yield and groundwater table value were introduced, and then combined with the above equation, the drawdown of groundwater table under the proposed limiting drainage criterion was calculated. It is shown that the proposed drainage standard can reach the purpose of protecting ecological environment under the following two conditions. One is the permeability coefficient ranges from 10-4 to 10-5 m/s and the specific yield ranges from 0.1 to 0.001. The other is the permeability coefficient varies from 10-6 to 10-8 m/s and the specific yield varies from 0.1 to 0.01. In addition, a majority of common geotechnical layers are involved in the above ranges. Thus, the proposed limiting drainage standard which ranges from 0.5 to 2.0 m3/（m·d） for mountain tunnel is reasonable.     

日本草在南方红壤山边沟果园套种适应性研究

通过对南方红壤山边沟果园套种日本草适应性的研究,发现新开山边沟果园4月套种日本草扦插苗当年的6月分萌数可达6条,8月可达16条,第二年的7月能达11.4条;当年6月干草量可达5 308 kg/hm2,8月达8 523 kg/hm2,比套种百喜草分别低2.61%、13.78%,种植第二年7月达17 333 kg/hm2,比百喜草增加8.33%;当年6月草层厚度可达25 cm,比百喜草低19.35%,当年8月达49 cm,种植第二年7月达46 cm,分别比百喜草高6.52%、2.2%;当年6月覆盖率可达55%,比百喜草低15.38%,当年8月达100%,比百喜草高2.04%,种植第二年7月与百喜草一样达100%;套种日本草当年土壤流失率比裸地减少79.41%,同时能有效改善果园的生态环境.     

贵州省白马山水库混凝土砌石拱坝优化设计

贵州省白马山水库大坝是一座混凝土砌毛石重力单曲拱坝,最大坝高48 m,采用ADAO拱坝分析与优化软件,对坝体结构、应力变形、坝肩稳定性等进行了分析。调整了设计方案,使坝体设计方案满足SL25-2006和SL282-2003等技术规范要求。