基于结构安全的水工隧洞施工仿真系统研究

水工隧洞施工情况复杂,目前的施工仿真计算大多只考虑开挖而缺乏衬砌和灌浆因素,故没有体现隧洞完整的施工过程;施工动态仿真一般根据仿真结果采用预制动画的形式实现,其实现过程复杂,模型不易修改,隧洞施工过程中结构状况例如围岩稳定、锚杆等支护的安全难以直观地确定。考虑隧洞施工各个工序结合系统仿真的方法,调用开挖、衬砌及灌浆的CYCLONE模型得到更为准确的进度计划,基于BIM技术实现施工动态可视化。针对目前较少涉及隧洞结构安全与进度计划耦合仿真,提出基于映射概念与反馈技术的隧洞施工期结构安全仿真方法,基于二次开发技术与数据库技术,采用VB.NET+PYTHON语言编制了一套水工隧洞施工仿真系统,实现与工程施工进度相结合的结构安全判断,为工程师提供良好的数据支持。     

水平旋喷桩加固技术在隧道细砂层中的应用

国内隧道施工技术向“长、大、深”趋势发展,伴随而来的是开挖中遇到各类复杂不良地质,如何既保证施工安全又保证开挖质量,是隧道施工穿越不良地质研究改进的重点。文章结合浩吉铁路王家湾隧道细砂层段落开挖施工,运用水平旋喷技术对软弱不良地层进行加固,形成壳状止水固结体,提高了围岩稳定性,有效解决了隧道开挖过程中涌砂、涌水等问题,保证了施工安全,为类似不良地质隧道施工提供了借鉴经验,具有明显的经济效益和一定的推广价值。     

不同本构模型下建筑荷载对近邻地铁的沉降影响分析

针对高层建筑施工对近邻地铁隧道产生的影响,采用MC模型及CY模型两种土体本构模型,预测分析新建高层建筑荷载对紧邻地铁区间隧道及周边地表的沉降影响。结果显示,在计算参数均相同的条件下,两种本构模型得到的建筑荷载对周边土体的影响范围是一致的,但是该影响范围内的地表及隧道结构竖向沉降差异较大;根据工程经验,认为CY模型更符合真实情况。     

三边形桅杆风荷载谱模型试验研究

对三边形格构式桅杆进行了均匀流和两种紊流下的高频测力天平风洞试验,得到了顺风向、横风向和扭转向的气动力系数以及脉动风荷载谱。采用基于风速谱的数学模型对顺风向脉动风荷载谱进行拟合,验证了该经验公式在不同流场下的适用性。根据试验所得横风向和扭转向脉动风荷载功率谱曲线的特点,建立由紊流激励和旋涡脱落激励两部分组成的谱函数数学模型,最小二乘法拟合结果与风洞试验结果吻合良好。横风向脉动风荷载谱以紊流激励为主,紊流强度15%时旋涡脱落激励贡献仅占10%,扭转向脉动风荷载谱中旋涡脱落激励贡献明显增大,达到40%。     

某工程爆破及机车振动作用下房屋响应的研究

工程爆破及震动对地表建筑物会造成一定程度的损伤.以临合高速公路为背景,对该工程隧道爆破及机车震动的强震动实时测试和分析,并对附近房屋的损伤程度进行了宏观调查,分析得出地表震动特性、震动影响范围和程度,及其对房屋结构的影响.为类似工程爆破及震动的设计及施工安全管理提供参考和依据.     

基于二次受力的隧道套拱加固损伤衬砌模型试验

松动荷载引起损伤衬砌失稳是不良地层隧道运营期间关键的科学问题.针对此问题,研制了双车道公路隧道带缝衬砌套拱加固模型试验加载装置,可对衬砌结构任意位置施加松动荷载,在损伤衬砌受力同时进行套拱加固,解决了衬砌加固二次受力的“瓶颈”问题;开展1∶10模型试验,研究了松动荷载作用下损伤衬砌套拱加固补强效果,对比变形特性、力学响应及破坏模式.结果表明:衬砌结构刚度随荷载增加而退化,套拱加固有效修复受损衬砌,整体结构刚度明显增大,损伤严重衬砌经套拱加固后承载力仍可提高1倍;原衬砌结构破坏位置为拱顶、拱肩和边墙;套拱加固带缝衬砌构件关键控制截面为拱顶和墙脚,拱顶易发生大偏心压弯破坏,建议加强拱顶纵向配筋,提高抗拉承载力;墙脚出现斜裂缝,属于压剪破坏,应增设墙脚箍筋,以提高抗剪承载力.     

Upper bound limit analysis of roof collapse in shallow tunnels with arbitrary cross sections under condition of seepage force

The analytical solutions for predicting the exact shape of collapse mechanisms in shallow tunnels with arbitrary excavation profiles were obtained by virtue of the upper bound theorem of limit analysis and variation principle according to Hoek-Brown failure criterion. The seepage force was included in the upper bound limit analysis, and it was computed from the gradient of excess pore pressure distribution. The seepage was regarded as a work rate of external force. The numerical results of roof collapse in square and circular tunnels with different rock parameters were derived and discussed, which proves to be valid in comparison with the previous work. The influences of different parameters on the shape of collapsing blocks were also discussed.     

Limiting drainage criterion for groundwater of mountain tunnel

Large amount of groundwater discharging from tunnel is likely to cause destruction of the ecological environment in the vicinity of the tunnel, thus an appropriate drainage criterion should be established to balance the tunnel construction and groundwater.To assess the related problems, an limiting drainage standard ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 m3/（m·d） was suggested for mountain tunnels based on survey and comparative analysis. After that, for the purpose of verifying the rationality of the standard, a calculated formula for dewatering funnel volume caused by drainage was deduced on the basis of the groundwater dynamics and experience method.Furthermore, the equation about the relationship between water discharge and drawdown of groundwater table was presented. The permeability coefficient, specific yield and groundwater table value were introduced, and then combined with the above equation, the drawdown of groundwater table under the proposed limiting drainage criterion was calculated. It is shown that the proposed drainage standard can reach the purpose of protecting ecological environment under the following two conditions. One is the permeability coefficient ranges from 10-4 to 10-5 m/s and the specific yield ranges from 0.1 to 0.001. The other is the permeability coefficient varies from 10-6 to 10-8 m/s and the specific yield varies from 0.1 to 0.01. In addition, a majority of common geotechnical layers are involved in the above ranges. Thus, the proposed limiting drainage standard which ranges from 0.5 to 2.0 m3/（m·d） for mountain tunnel is reasonable.     

层状黄土区域地铁隧道变形模拟分析

为解决层状黄土地区地铁隧道的安全施工,采用现场量测与Rocscience软件模拟分析相结合的方法,研究了全断面开挖过程中地铁隧道围岩的稳定性问题。研究结果表明,采用软件分析的结果与现场量测的结果基本一致,在隧道中心线两侧均出现了显著的沉降现象,由于地铁下腹地层为粉砂,所以开挖的隧道要及时闭合,并且要布置仰拱或是管片整体支护。     

高速PIV布撒技术的改进研究

基于上海交通大学高超创新实验室现有技术,为发展高速PIV技术而改进开发了高速PIV粒子布撒系统。针对原有系统经常无法有效布撒粒子的缺陷,从系统中的管道、高压气体、喷嘴等几个方向下手进行改造,设计了新的高速PIV粒子布撒系统。对管道进行了软管化设计,高压气体采用干燥的氮气,喷嘴则设计成能在罐体中产生旋流的结构。对于这些改造进行了分析和实验测试,证明了这些改造能加强布撒粒子的效果。最后提出了这套系统可以继续改进的一些方向。