低温下生物增效技术对去除氨氮效果的改善

在冬季水温低的情况下,为改善对氨氮的去除效果而实施了生物增效试验,连续30d向某污水处理厂的曝气池投加硝化菌,研究了投加菌剂后对氨氮的去除效果.投加菌剂10 d后,在水温为12.4 ～ 15.2℃时,二沉池出水氨氮浓度＜15 mg/L,对氨氮的去除率由68.6％提高至84.7％,处理水量由6.2×104 m3/d提升至7.5×104 m3/d.菌剂投加期结束后的30 d内,在维持高处理水量的前提下,出水氨氮＜7 mg/L,去除率＞91％,处理水量超过设计水量约25％.同时,该技术的费用较低,直接菌剂成本仅为0.067元/m3.     

市政档案管理对市政建设的作用

市政档案是城市规划、建设与管理工作的结晶,也是整个城市运行、发展和延续的保障。管好、用好市政档案,可以随时发现并及时解决城市日常运转中出现的故障,可以准确判断市政设施的利用价值。在此基础上,才能实现科学管理市政设施、减少勘测设计及试验费用、节约建设资金,从而创造良好的投资环境。     

气泡混合轻质土在地铁结构上覆市政路基中的应用

介绍了轻型环保的气泡混合轻质土在杭州市某地铁站下盖物业结构顶面市政路基工程中的应用。阐述了轻质土作为减荷路基填筑材料的设计要点和结构处理。最后介绍了验收要求。     

A survey of heavy metals in municipal wastewater in combined sewer systems during wet and dry weather periods

During wet weather, combined sewer system overflows affect the quality of water in watercourses. For planning overflows, the lowest possible load of priority substances according to Directive 2008/105/EC is crucial and the knowledge of variability in concentrations of elements in the sewer system is necessary. The behaviour of heavy metals in a sewer system was observed in the course of dry weather flow (DWF) and wet weather flow (WWF). We found, from the comparison of concentration medians for the WWF and DWF that during wet weather periods, an increase in the concentrations of As, Cr, Cd, Pb, Mn and Fe occurs in the sewer system and the effect of nonpoint sources manifests itself. Zn, Cu and Ni concentrations decreased during wet weather periods, and Hg concentrations did not significantly change. During the WWF period, a considerable nonhomogeneity of the sewage system was demonstrated.     

基于灰色理论的道路全生命周期造价控制探讨

介绍了灰色理论GM(1,1)模型的原理,利用某新建城市Ⅰ级主干道已有造价信息数据建立GM(1,1)模型,根据模型对工程造价进行预测,并验证了预测结果的合理性,从而证明了灰色理论在市政工程道路全寿命周期造价控制中的适用性。     

优化市政排水管网设计探讨

阐述了优化城市排水管网的必要性,结合具体案例,通过分析其排水管网现状,对市政给水管网、排水管网进行了优化设计,以发挥市政管网系统的真正作用,同时为相关研究人士提供理论依据。     

Impact of module design on the performance of membrane bioreactors treating municipal wastewater

Membranes are located in a membrane module that physically seals and isolates the feed stream from the permeate flux in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). Therefore, module type, structure, and geometrical configuration are critical design considerations affecting membrane performance in MBRs. In this study, impact of membrane module design on treatment and filtration performance of MBRs was investigated. For this purpose, two flat sheet membrane modules with different outlet structures and module geometries, including rectangular- and D-shaped, were tested. In addition to the differences in outlet structure and module geometry, size of circular structures which supported membranes in rectangular- and D-shaped modules differed from each other. Considering the results, permeate quality was not affected from the change in the module design. However, the most remarkable impact of the module design was observed on the transmembrane pressure (TMP) evolution and fouling potential. D-shaped membrane module including smaller circular structures resulted in a decrease in fouling potential and thus, this module could be operated longer time in comparison to rectangular-shaped membrane module without a severe TMP increase. The observed differences in TMP increase and fouling potential lead to the hypothesis that module design is a critical factor affecting filtration performance in MBRs.     

利用生活垃圾灰渣制备低硅含量玻璃及微晶玻璃

利用无机废弃资源制备高附加值玻璃及微晶玻璃制品,具有重要的社会及实际应用价值。通过低氧化硅含量的玻璃组成设计及微晶化处理,在生活垃圾焚烧灰渣利用率在90%的情况下,制备获得成型性能、机械性能与化学稳定性良好的微晶玻璃材料,并探讨了玻璃化学组成及热处理工艺对化学稳定性的影响。     

The Use of Reverse Osmosis in the Removal of PAHs from Municipal Landfill Leachate

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are relatively well-known organic pollutants and due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties their presence in the environment still attracts a lot of attention.

According to literature reports and own research, PAHs presence in wastewaters is common. It was confirmed that PAHs are the components of municipal landfill leachate. Membrane techniques are one of the most interesting ways of removing PAHs from leachate.

The purpose of this article is to monitor PAHs concentration changes during the membrane (reverse osmosis - RO) leachate treatment processes. In the first stage of testing leachates were filtrated on the sand bed (pre-filtration). After the pre-filtration they were directed to the membrane module for the main filtration.

Sixteen PAHs listed by EPA were analyzed. The results with information on PAHs concentration in leachate samples were presented using HPLC with fluorescence detection (FLD). The changes in PAHs concentration were determined in leachate samples before and after pre-filtration as well as after RO. The decrease of PAHs concentration in the samples was observed after these processes. The total concentration of 16 PAHs in raw municipal landfill leachates amounted to 23.64–26.95 μg/L. The research confirmed the high efficiency in removal of PAHs while using a reverse osmosis (59–72%). Including the pre-filtration, the overall level of removed PAHs reached 81–86%. The average PAHs concentration after pre-filtration and RO was in the 4.46–4.99 μg/L range. The municipal landfill leachate with a high concentration of PAHs should be cleaned before it is discharged into the environment.     

Examining Open Data at the Urban Level: An Exploration of “Wellbeing Toronto”

This paper examines how Wellbeing Toronto (WT)—a free, open data, GIS tool that allows users to map information—has evolved into an extensive data repository with robust data analysis capabilities. Explored is the progress of open data scholarship in relation to municipal government and civic participation. Based on this, the authors note the following: (1) as open data becomes increasingly prevalent, a more varied understanding of the organization and structure of municipal government may emerge. (2) There is a need for measures of civic engagement to move beyond data co-production towards an organization-based interactive approach.