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11.
吐哈油田部分区块地层压力系数小于0.9,常规水基压井液对储层伤害大,若使用油基压井液成本高,环境污染严重。通过实验优选出了一种低密度水基微泡沫压井液。该压井液具有密度低、泡沫强度高、稳定性好、携砂能力强等优点。现场应用表明,低密度微泡沫压井液稳定时间大于48 h,密度在0.70~0.99 g/cm3之间可调,抗油污染能力强,抗油大于8%,抗温在100℃以上,岩心污染后渗透率恢复值大于80%;并且施工方便,成本低,具有储层保护能力,使用微泡沫压井液的井表皮系数在0.20~2.34之间。 相似文献
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低温高速离心泵的研制与应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
阐述了适合于输送低温介质的高速离心泵的水力设计和结构设计方法,结构上采有长,中,短叶片相间的复合叶轮及双密封结构,理论上采用以效率为目标函数的优化水力设计方法,保证了低温高速离心泵具有很好的工人可靠性和优越的性能指标。 相似文献
16.
碳黑对苯乙烯自由基聚合反应影响的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了碳黑对苯乙烯单体聚合物反应的影响,结果表明,用过氧化苯甲酰作引发剂,普通碳黑子对苯乙烯的聚合有强烈的阻聚作用,而用偶氮二异丁腈引发聚合物时,普通碳黑的阻聚性很小,当时碳黑进行接枝处理后,接枝碳黑对苯乙烯自由基聚合的影响程度与接枝方法有关,其中过氧化苯甲酰 自由基枝枝碳黑的聚性变化较大。 相似文献
17.
带隔板底水油藏油井临界产量计算公式 总被引:25,自引:9,他引:16
本给出了带隔板底水油藏油井的监界产量计算公式,它适用于所有带隔板底水油藏的油井。 相似文献
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Nitric oxide reduction and carbon monoxide oxidation over carbon-supported copper-chromium catalysts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. Stegenga R. van Soest F. Kapteijn J. A. Moulijn 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》1993,2(4):257-275
Carbon supported copper-chromium catalysts are shown to be very active for both the reduction of nitric oxide with carbon monoxide and the oxidation of carbon monoxide with oxygen. Mixed copper-chromium oxide active phases have good activity in the simultaneous removal of nitric oxide and carbon monoxide from exhaust gases. The influence of several catalyst variables has been investigated. The activity per volume of catalyst increases with increasing loading, while the intrinsic activity shows a maximum around C/M=100−50. An optimum catalyst for nitric oxide reduction and carbon monoxide oxidation has a copper/chromium ratio of 2/1. The apparent activation energy for the carbon monoxide oxidation over carbon supported copper-chromium catalysts is 77 kJ/mol, suggesting that the Cu---O bond rupture is the rate-limiting process. The reduction of nitric oxide takes place at higher temperatures. Since all catalysts have a low selectivity for molecular nitrogen formation at lower temperatures, the dissociation of nitric oxide is probably rate determining, resulting in a slightly reduced catalyst system. In an excess of carbon monoxide the reaction is first-order in nitric oxide and zero-order in carbon monoxide. Moisture inhibits the reaction by reversible competitive adsorption, whereas carbon dioxide does not. Oxygen completely inhibits the reduction of nitric oxide due to the more rapid reoxidation of the catalytic sites compared to nitric oxide. Therefore, the reduction of nitric oxide takes place only when all oxygen has been converted and, hence, is shifted to higher temperatures. As a possible consequence, the production of nitrous oxide is reduced. Nitric oxide and molecular oxygen react preferentially with carbon monoxide, so, in an excess of oxidizing component, gasification of the carbon support occurs at higher temperatures after carbon monoxide has been completely consumed. 相似文献
20.
María P. Albano Liliana B. Garrido 《Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing》2002,10(4):211-218
Si3N4powders coated with 6 wt% Y2O3and 4 wt% Al2O3were prepared by coprecipitation. The resulting powders were dispersed in water at different pH values and with addition of various amounts of ammonium polyacrylate (NH4PA) to produce 32 vol% slips. The influence of the amount of NH4PA solution added and pH on the rheological properties of 32 vol% coated Si3N4slips were studied. In addition, the sintered density of cast samples was determined and related to the degree of slip dispersion. The adsorption of the NH4PA on the coated particle surface was rather high and the surface became saturated near 0.86 mg/m2at pH 9.2. High NH4PA concentrations (1.7–3 wt%) were necessary to obtain well dispersed 32 vol% coated Si3N4slips at pH 9.2. The best stabilization was obtained with the addition of 2.3 wt% NH4PA; in this condition, the viscosity reached a minimum value of 35 mPa.s at 100 s–1. The slip viscosity increased with increasing pH from 9.2 to 10.2. Slips with low viscosities gave a more dense packing of cast samples and consequently higher sintered density values. 相似文献