Drugs,Guts, Brains,but Not Rock and Roll: The Need to Consider the Role of Gut Microbiota in Contemporary Mental Health and Wellness of Emerging Adults

Emerging adulthood (ages 18–25) is a critical period for neurobiological development and the maturation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Recent findings also suggest that a natural perturbation of the gut microbiota (GM), combined with other factors, may create a unique vulnerability during this period of life. The GM of emerging adults is thought to be simpler, less diverse, and more unstable than either younger or older people. We postulate that this plasticity in the GM suggests a role in the rising mental health issues seen in westernized societies today via the gut–brain–microbiota axis. Studies have paid particular attention to the diversity of the microbiota, the specific function and abundance of bacteria, and the production of metabolites. In this narrative review, we focus specifically on diet, physical activity/exercise, substance use, and sleep in the context of the emerging adult. We propose that this is a crucial period for establishing a stable and more resilient microbiome for optimal health into adulthood. Recommendations will be made about future research into possible behavioral adjustments that may be beneficial to endorse during this critical period to reduce the probability of a “dysbiotic” GM and the emergence and severity of mental health concerns.     

基于单元平均应变的结构多损伤静态识别

利用长标距布喇格光纤光栅（FBG）传感器,可以测量结构一定长度的平均应变。在介绍单元平均应变的基础上,采用单元平均抗弯刚度和广义单元平均中性轴高度作为识别参数,通过工字形悬臂钢梁和简支钢梁的多损伤数值模拟进行了验证,说明基于单元平均应变的结构静态损伤识别方法是可行的。     

一起10 kV系统故障的分析处理

中性点不接地系统常会遇到一些电压输出不平衡的情况。若对这方面认识不足,一方面会因电压不平衡而误认为接地情况,找不到真正的问题所在,将做许多无用功;另一方面,也可能会因未能及时找到接地点及故障原因,而给设备安全稳定运行埋下隐患或引起扩大事故。结合我厂10kV系统一次单相接地故障的处理经过,就此问题进行一些分析探讨。     

离心泵轴油封处失效分析与密封设计

通过对离心泵轴油封处密封面损坏漏油失效的分析,设计了在轴上开沟槽镶嵌承磨环的密封结构,介绍了承磨环的密封原理,确定了轴沟槽、承磨环的主要参数,并设计了专用工具进行安装,最后,经试验验证了该密封能够提高油封的耐磨性、密封性,同时,延长了轴的使用寿命。     

上肢康复机器人等速运动控制算法的研究

等速运动康复的目标是保证人的手臂在用不断增加的力矩驱动机械臂转动时,机械臂转速始终被控制在预设值不变,且人机的肩关节轴要动态对齐。针对上述要求,通过采集机器人关节伺服电机电枢绕组中的电流值和转子的转速,确定外力矩、电机力矩和转速之间的关系,据此建立等速运动控制算法,并以人手臂肩关节的屈展角度为变量,找出机器臂肩关节轴在高度方向对齐人肩关节轴的函数关系,进而建立了考虑速度和位置双重因素下的人机肩关节轴动态对齐控制算法。通过将上述控制算法用于实物样机的控制,证明了控制算法的正确性。该研究为控制上肢等速运动康复提供了参考。     

无铬猪皮服装革加脂研究

对比研究了磺化油加脂剂STO、SEO、SHO、KS-1和6种常用加脂剂(主要组分)在无铬鞣猪皮服装革中的渗透情况及其加脂后坯革的物理-机械性能。结果表明,磺化油STO、L-3加脂剂及硫酸化牛蹄油的渗透优于其他加脂剂;磺化油STO、硫酸化牛蹄油和硫酸化蓖麻油加脂的坯革伸长率较大。磺化油SEO、硫酸化牛蹄油加脂后的坯革抗张强度大于其他加脂剂。磺化油SEO、STO改善无铬鞣革的撕裂强度优于其他加脂剂。     

并网型风力发电系统的研究

并网发电是大功率风力发电机组高效、大规模利用风能最经济的方式,已成为当今世界风能利用的主要形式。为促进我国的风电事业,概述了并网型风力发电系统的基本工作原理、工作方式和风力发电机的空气动力学特性以及并网型风力发电系统中5种典型的电路拓扑结构及其工作原理、并网技术和控制方法,还比较了不同拓扑结构下风力发电系统的性能和效率,给出了各自的典型应用。最后指出了各种方法的优缺点以及今后的发展方向。结果表明,随着大容量电力电子器件的发展和现代控制技术的引入,并网型风电系统中直驱式永磁同步发电机拓扑结构将会得到更多的应用和发展。并网型大功率风电机组控制系统中,风机模拟系统设计、发电机控制技术、并网技术、桨矩角控制技术和系统监控等关键技术的解决将有助于我国风电产业的国产化和大容量风电系统自主知识产权的建立。     

The Role of Psychobiotics in Supporting the Treatment of Disturbances in the Functioning of the Nervous System—A Systematic Review

Stress and anxiety are common phenomena that contribute to many nervous system dysfunctions. More and more research has been focusing on the importance of the gut–brain axis in the course and treatment of many diseases, including nervous system disorders. This review aims to present current knowledge on the influence of psychobiotics on the gut–brain axis based on selected diseases, i.e., Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression, and autism spectrum disorders. Analyses of the available research results have shown that selected probiotic bacteria affect the gut–brain axis in healthy people and people with selected diseases. Furthermore, supplementation with probiotic bacteria can decrease depressive symptoms. There is no doubt that proper supplementation improves the well-being of patients. Therefore, it can be concluded that the intestinal microbiota play a relevant role in disorders of the nervous system. The microbiota–gut–brain axis may represent a new target in the prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, this topic needs more research. Such research could help find effective treatments via the modulation of the intestinal microbiome.     

基于刚粘塑性有限元模拟的汽轮机叶轮模锻的预成形优化

针对汽轮机叶轮模锻的预成形设计,本文建立了以打击能耗最低和模具作用载荷最小为目标函数,以完全填充为约束条件,以坯料初始高径比为优化变量的预成形坯料优化方案。利用刚粘塑性有限元方法模拟汽轮机叶轮等温模锻成形过程,具体分析了不同坯料初始高径比对成形载荷、塑性应变能以及分流面的影响。数值模拟结果表明获得的预成形H/D最佳尺寸可明显减少模锻锤击次数和模具磨损。所提出的有限元模拟预成形优化方法十分有效,克服了以往凭经验设计的弊端。     

PSOM算法用于未知雷达信号分选

粒子群算法(PSO)和神经网络的有机结合是目前一个十分活跃的研究领域,为分类问题的研究提供了新的思路和方法。针对基本SOM算法聚类数目不确定、聚类效果不佳等问题,提出PSOM算法用于未知雷达信号分选,利用PSO的优化算法替代SOM的启发式训练,对基本SOM算法进行改进,最后通过仿真实验验证了该算法在未知雷达信号分选应用上的有效性。