美式箱变、户外环网柜交流无间隙氧化锌避雷器选用

文章针对美式箱变、户外环网柜配用的交流无间隙氧化锌避雷器主要电气指标的选择,从国家相关标准的规定和运行经验的角度,分析和对比了国产和进口两系列产品,说明了避雷器应优先采用符合国家标准的国产品,若确实需要用进口产品时则应选择能满足我国国标各项指标要求的且残压较小的产品。     

公共场所标识语翻译错误分析及对策——以武汉市为例

本文分析了武汉市公共场所的标识语翻译质量不尽人意的现状及原因并提出解决办法。作者认为翻译标识语时，译者应熟悉汉英标识语的功能意义和语言特点，并遵循语用等效翻译原则，最后作者提出标识语翻译人员要专业化并建议有关部门组织有关专家成立“武汉市公共场所标识语翻译专家委员会”，审核全市公共场所标识语译文，从而规范武汉市标识语翻译，提升武汉市的国际形象。     

基于物联网络的植物生命体征监控仿真分析

在生物种类监控问题的研究中,由于物种分布成随机性,生长周期不统一,使得传统的物联网监控系统面对这些非常规变化因素的过程中,存在对于大规模采集的数据处理时的高冗余度、数据融合性能差、难以提供有效通信性能等问题.为了提高监控性能,提出了一种免疫多Agent的植物生命体征监控方法.在物联网络中,利用免疫多Agent方法,对物联网络进行动态演化,从而提取异常的植物生命体征.融人一种特征小波分解方法,对采集的生命体征数据进行压缩传输,最大程度的去处冗余干扰,保证结果在多特征环境下实现融合.实验结果表明,改进算法进行物联网络的植物生命体征监控,能够提高监控的准确性,从而为生物科学提供准确的研究数据.     

三相联动双断口户外高压隔离负荷开关的研究

为了解决目前农村电网和郊区电网广泛使用的高压柱上开关产品存在的问题，如容易受恶劣环境影响、SF₆气体排放等，设计了一种新型三相联动双断口户外高压隔离负荷开关。采用环氧树脂固体绝缘和硅橡胶外包绝缘技术，具有耐高低温、耐紫外线和耐老化等优势。同时，采用小型化弹簧操作机构和挂簧传输方式以提高设备可靠性。此外，该开关内嵌真空灭弧装置，无需使用SF₆气体绝缘，对环境更为友好。与传统设备相比，所设计的隔离负荷开关采用双真空开关和三相柱式倒装结构，具备无污染、安全可靠、长寿命和低成本等优点，为实现高压线路的有效管理和维护提供了一种新的解决方案。     

Development of new‐type outdoor termination using composite insulator with SF6 gas: Commercial use for 77‐kV transmission lines and development for 154‐kV XLPE cable

Recently, composite insulators have been increasingly employed mainly for economic reasons. We have developed a new type of outdoor termination using a composite insulator, which can be installed horizontally on a steel tower in order to reduce the construction cost. In this outdoor termination, SF₆ gas is filled in the composite insulator and a cold shrinkable premolded rubber unit is applied instead of the combined use of a rubber‐molded stress relief cone, epoxy resin insulator and spring unit. The application of the composite insulator, SF₆ gas and cold shrinkable premolded rubber unit reduces the total weight and makes it possible to install the termination horizontally on the tower. The new‐type outdoor termination for 77‐kV XLPE cable has already been applied in commercial use and enabled a reduction of the construction costs for power transmission lines. A 154‐kV new‐type outdoor termination has been developed and its initial electrical tests were successfully completed. This paper describes the design and performance of both 77‐kV and 154‐kV new‐type outdoor termination, and a follow‐up survey of the 77‐kV new termination in a commercial use. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(4): 18– 26, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20511     

变风量空调系统的新风

介绍了ASHARE标准关于变风量空调系统中新风量确定的方法，常用的新风量测量方法和控制方法以及新风的利用，探讨了测试中发现的新风量确定和新风品质等问题。     

Effects of color scheme and message lines of variable message signs on driver performance

The advancement in variable message signs (VMS) technology has made it possible to display message with various formats. This study presented an ergonomic study on the message design of Chinese variable message signs on urban roads in Taiwan. Effects of color scheme (one, two and three) and number of message lines (single, double and triple) of VMS on participants’ response performance were investigated through a laboratory experiment. Results of analysis showed that color scheme and number of message lines are significant factors for participants’ response time to VMS. Participants responded faster for two-color than for one- and three-color scheme. Participants also took less response time for double line message than for single and triple line message. Both color scheme and number of message lines had no significant effect on participants’ response accuracy. The preference survey after the experiment showed that most participants preferred two-color scheme and double line message to the other combinations. The results can assist in adopting appropriate color scheme and number of message lines of Chinese VMS.     

Comprehensive characterisation and analysis of PV module performance under real operating conditions

The specifications of photovoltaic modules show performance under standard testing conditions (STC), but only limited information relating to performance at non‐STC conditions. While performance is affected by irradiance, temperature, spectral composition of irradiance, angle‐of‐incidence of the irradiance and other parameters, specifications only partly give detail to consumers or retailers about the effect of irradiance and temperature. In this study, we characterise and analyse the performance of eight different, commercially available photovoltaic modules. We establish the effect of four different parameters on module performance: irradiance, temperature, spectral composition of irradiance (via the parameter average photon energy) and angle‐of‐incidence, by performing linear and nonlinear optimisation of physical or empirical models. Furthermore, we characterise the operating conditions and analyse the seasonal and annual development and contribution of the four parameters to energy losses or gains relative to STC operating conditions. We show a comprehensive way of presenting the deviation of performance from STC, combining the variation in operating conditions and the resulting variation in performance. Our results show that some effects on performance are attributable to the semiconductor material used in the modules (spectral composition and temperature), while especially angle‐of‐incidence effects seem more related to the type of glass used on as the front cover of the module. Variation in irradiance and module temperature generally affect performance the strongest, resulting in a performance effect ranging from  + 2.8% to  − 3.2% and  − 0.5% to  − 2.2%, respectively. The combined effect of all parameters results in an annual yield deviation ranging from  + 1.2% to  − 5.9%. © 2016 The Authors. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

构造读书的光环境——深圳市中心图书馆照明设计

深圳市中心图书馆是一座智能化要求较高的现代化图书馆，本文从它的一般功能性照明、应急照明、室外气氛照明，阐述了如何更好地构造一个读书的光环境。     

新风量、送风方式和空调病症

本文叙述了新风量的大小和送风方式的不同与空调病症之间的关系。