啤麦质量的选择和评价

麦芽作为啤酒酿造的主要原料,对啤酒的生产、成本和产品质量起到比较重要的作用.本文从麦芽可能对啤酒产生的各项影响出发,论述了啤酒工厂在选择外购麦芽和制定外购麦芽质量标准时需要掌握的原则和建立外购麦芽评价体系要遵循的程序,并在此基础上,完善从大麦到啤酒的全面的质量管理工作.     

新形势下煤矿企业外包工程安全管控模式研究

针对煤矿企业外包工程安全生产问题严重、事故多发的特点,通过对新的煤矿企业外包工程的安全管控模式研究,分析煤矿安全监管、技术和装备水平、安全培训等存在的问题,提出了实施煤矿外包工程队准入制度,创新外包安全管控模式,找到对外包工程安全状况进行管理的行之有效的办法。     

第四方物流的体系结构和运作模式研究

为了提高供应链管理的运作效率 ,许多企业将其物流业务外包给专业物流服务提供商。介绍了第四方物流的概念 ,分析了第四方物流的特点及支撑环境。以某物流企业为背景 ,设计了第四方物流体系结构及其电子商务模式下的运作模式 ,提出了其配送体系架构 ,分析了第四方物流设计及实施的关键因素 ,提出了第四方物流决策支持系统软件功能模型及技术实现方案。该系统可有效地管理物流及第三方物流供应商的基本信息 ,根据客户、供应商在线交互信息 ,实现第三方物流的运输路线及运输载体选择 ,对物流方案进行优化决策 ,保证了该企业进出口贸易物流服务的快速度、高质量和低成本     

软件测试外包服务管理探讨

基于软件测试外包项目管理工作经验总结基础上,给出了国际化软件测试外包业务模式及其生命周期管理模型,重点对软件测试外包中沟通管理、风险管理和缺陷管理进行了探索研究。这对于完善软件测试外包管理体系,增强软件测试外包供应商竞争力,促进外包测试服务业快速发展,具有重要的理论和实际指导意义。     

Outsourcing practices in automotive supply networks: an exploratory study of full service vehicle suppliers

Most automotive companies outsource the design, manufacturing and assembly of some complete cars to independent suppliers or full service vehicle companies (FSVs). FSVs represent a relatively unexplored form of outsourcing which combines joint efforts in developing a modular product with the externalisation of specific niche manufacturing processes. On the basis of comparative cases and of qualitative information collected within three FSVs and three OEMs, this study aims to investigate the associated advantages and risks for FSVs, commonalities/differences from the practices of outsourcing to component/module specialists that can be found in other industries and why and for what kind of products FSVs can be appropriate in automotive supply networks. The study contributes to the debate on outsourcing in the automotive industry by providing an original interpretation on why FSVs have recently seen a shakeout with some growing whilst others have faltered.     

Offshore manufacturing contract design based on transfer price considering green tax: a bilevel programming approach

The problem of designing offshore manufacturing contract resulting in optimal transfer price is troubling multinational companies over the past few years. This paper proposes designing offshore manufacturing contracts based on the transfer price in the form of bilevel programming problems after considering green tax. In these contract designs, a firm in a developed country sells a single product in its market. The same product is simultaneously being manufactured by another firm in a developing country with lower manufacturing cost. After anticipating the consumer demand, the seller places an order, based on which the manufacturer manufactures the ordered quantity, and offers a transfer price which in turn maximises its net profit after paying green tax to its government. While setting the transfer price, the manufacturer considers the manufacturing cost, the export duty payable to its government and the cost of shipping the product to the developed country. After buying the product from the manufacturer at the transfer price, the seller then sets the retail price which maximises its net profit after paying the import duty to its government; the retail price, however, must not be more than the maximum retail price applicable to the market. Thus, offshore manufacturing contract results in optimal after-tax profits for both the firms. An experimental study has been carried out to discuss the practical aspects of the results developed, where a US firm is offshoring its manufacturing activity to a Chinese firm in order to draw maximum profit.     

Integrating Outsourcing in the Maintenance Process

Outsourcing of software life cycle activities is a growing business area in many sectors influenced by Information Technologies. This fact, coupled with the usual lack of planning and high costs of software maintenance, may invite many organizations to outsource this important process of the software life cycle. Such outsourcing should be relied to a technological associate who can carry out this process using an adequate methodological foundation. In this paper we present the outsourcing strategy that we have integrated in MANTEMA, a methodology for software maintenance developed by our university and Atos ODS, a multinational organization which provides software maintenance services to third-party organizations.     

Software maintenance outsourcing: Issues and strategies

Software maintenance outsourcing is becoming a popular alternative in software industry. Software companies are looking at outsourcing their maintenance and support activities as an area for competitive advantage. There are risks and benefits of introducing subcontractors in the framework of software outsourcing. Reliable maintenance is only possible if adequate measures are taken in advance during project’s development and maintenance planning phase and are documented in the maintenance contract. In this paper, we present and make a justification for a set of recommendations to make such maintenance reliable and cost-effective. We analyze the associated risks and propose some product quality metrics to be monitored during the maintenance phase.     

代工企业在跨国生产外包中的决策模型及风险因素分析

以跨国生产外包中代工企业为研究对象,依据其生产制造产品的完整性,将代工企业分为整件代工企业和部件代工企业两种类型。通过对跨国生产外包的理论分析,构建了不同类型代工企业在跨国生产外包中的决策模型。运用两个不同案例对该模型进行了检验。最后,分析了代工企业在跨国生产外包合作中的一般风险因素及发展中国家代工企业特有的潜在风险。     

From application service provision to service-oriented computing: A study of the IT outsourcing evolution

IT outsourcing is not a new concept. Originating from the early 60’s in the form of time sharing, IT outsourcing has evolved to the application service provision (ASP) model, in the late 90’s to pure services in the beginning of the century. Services, and their major representative web services, are actually the next phase of the movement toward Internet-based componentized software, known in the not so distant past as ASP. As the continuous expansion of the Internet and its relating technologies creates new marketing opportunities, traditional monolithic architectures are giving way to service-oriented computing (SOC), the architecture that enables service provision. SOC permits the utilization of large systems which are comprised of self-containing building blocks: services. Services may be made public, searched, reused and combined to form complex business processes while in the same time retaining a significant level of flexibility. Services and SOC have emerged as a response to a fundamental shift in enterprise business culture that started at the late 90’s. Although they are promising as an IT outsourcing enabler, many issues need to be dealt with before they can be considered suitable for wide adoption. These issues are of technological, business, economic and cultural nature and they were also faced by ASPs in the past. It is worth revisiting the successes and failures of the ASP model in order to get a better understanding of the evolving IT outsourcing industry. In this work, we describe the evolution of service provision from its initial form as software application, through the application service provision era and towards the new trend of web services.