矿物催化臭氧氧化乙硫氨酯的效率和矿化行为研究

浮选废水中残留固体悬浮物具有催化臭氧氧化作用,考察了四种硫化矿(黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿及闪锌矿)和四种非金属矿(石英、方解石、高岭土及蒙脱土)对臭氧氧化乙硫氨酯效率的影响及矿化行为。结果表明,矿物强化臭氧氧化乙硫氨酯降解效率高低顺序为方铅矿>黄铁矿>闪锌矿>黄铜矿(硫化矿)和高岭土>蒙脱土>方解石>石英(非金属矿),投加0.5 g/L方铅矿和高岭土后,乙硫氨酯降解速率常数分别提高了1.57倍和0.82倍,明显促进乙硫氨酯降解和中间产物的分解;降解后溶液pH值从10.0降至约8.0,氧化还原电位从-23 mV上升到约200 mV。矿物颗粒促进臭氧分解,生成更多强氧化性物种,提高降解效率,浮选废水中残留矿物颗粒是天然臭氧分解催化剂,可构成催化臭氧氧化体系。     

臭氧氧化-循环喷淋法处理钨钼选矿废水

采用臭氧氧化-循环喷淋法去除钨钼选矿废水中COD,研究了pH值、臭氧流量、循环频率对COD去除效果的影响。结果表明:废水COD去除率随pH值、臭氧流量、循环频率增大而增加,在pH值为10、臭氧流量3.0 L/min、循环频率4.0次/min条件下,氧化120 min后废水COD含量由131 mg/L降至11.5 mg/L,COD去除率达91.2%,满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)一级标准。与O₂、NaClO处理废水COD的对比试验结果表明,循环喷淋法结合O₃表现出较好的COD去除效果。     

臭氧/氯消毒中藻类有机物生成消毒副产物的特征

饮用水源地藻华会释放大量藻类有机物(AOM),AOM与氯消毒剂反应生成的消毒副产物(DBPs)会给饮用水用户带来不容忽视的健康风险。为此,探究了臭氧/氯消毒对AOM结构和DBPs生成的影响。结果表明,臭氧氧化能有效去除AOM中芳香蛋白和酚类、叶绿素a、藻蓝蛋白结构物质,但是对腐殖酸类结构的去除效果相对较差。DBPs生成总量随臭氧投加浓度的升高而增加,其中主要是三氯甲烷(TCM);卤代乙腈和卤代酮的生成总量随臭氧投加浓度的变化趋势不明显。延长臭氧接触时间会明显增加1 h氯化中TCM的生成量,氯化24 h时DBPs生成总量与臭氧接触时间无关。在臭氧/氯消毒过程中,AOM的DBPs生成潜能低于天然有机物(NOM)。AOM有利于一溴一氯乙腈的生成,而NOM会生成更多的二氯乙腈。     

离子种类对金属掺杂纳米管TiO_2光催化活性的影响

使用市售Degussa P-25TiO2粉末,采用水热合成法制备了1.0%(原子分数)Ag+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Mn2+和V5+掺杂纳米管TiO2催化剂。结果表明,随着煅烧温度增高,样品的比表面积逐渐降低,锐钛矿含量先增后减,禁带宽度逐渐变窄,变化范围与掺杂金属的种类有关。掺杂金属后,纳米管TiO2催化剂的比表面积略有降低,锐钛矿含量略有增大,禁带宽度变窄。向纳米管TiO2中掺杂Ag+、Cu2+、Fe3+和V5+,催化剂的光催化活性提高,而掺杂Mn2+,光催化活性略有降低。550℃煅烧1.0%Fe3+掺杂纳米管TiO2具有最好的催化效果,其254nm光催化臭氧氧化对腐植酸的去除率为77.4%。     

Ozonation of unstretched natural rubber film from Hevea brasiliensis studied by ozone consumption and 13C NMR

Unstretched films of natural rubber (NR) from Hevea brasiliensis were exposed to ozone flow of 15 ml min^?1 from 4 to 300 min. The efficiency of reaction was determined by ozone consumption of NR films. Plots of reacted ozone mass versus film thickness show that the ozone penetration and the ozone reaction progressed into deeper layers (170 µm) than described in the literature (～0.5 µm). The previous proposed model based on viscometry measurements was corroborated by ozone consumption results. The effect of thickness on the O₃/NR stoichiometric ratio indicated that the diffusion process that controls the ozonation in unstretched film does not consist of the boundary progression behind which all reactive sites have been saturated. Ozonation in unstretched rubber film, while being less efficient than ozonolysis in solution, does have a reaction efficiency of the same order of magnitude. NMR spectroscopy was used to characterise the products formed by ozonation. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Absorption kinetics of ozone in aqueous O-cresol solutions

The kinetics of ortho-cresol ozonation in water has been studied using the film theory. At most experimental conditions investigated, the kinetic regime of the absorption has been fast pseudo first order with respect to ozone. At 30°C mass transfer plays an important role in controlling the absorption rate of ozone. The selfdecomposition reaction of ozone does not take place because of the great reactivity of o-cresol with ozone. Reaction rate constants have been determined at pH 7 for different temperatures below 30°C. The following Arrhenius equation was obtained: k_T = 2.2 × 10²³ exp(-11784/T), L/mol ? s At temperatures below 30°C there exists an ozone partial pressure value above which the ozone absorption kinetic regime changes to fast second order regardless of experimental conditions.     

Effect of stream segregation on ozonation for the removal of significant COD fractions from textile wastewater

Ozonation was tested on selected streams of cotton finishing textile plant wastewater for optimizing chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. For this purpose, significant COD fractions in the wastewater were experimentally identified and the effect of ozone on these fractions was investigated. Ozonation experiments were performed with a 1 dm³ sample volume. Ozone treatment of batches of raw wastewater provided, at a rate of 62 mg min^?1 and a gas feeding time of 15 min, achieved complete colour removal but only 21% COD reduction. Increasing the feeding time to 30 min slightly increased the COD removal to 32%. At this feeding time, removal of the readily biodegradable COD was 60%, but soluble inert COD reduction remained at 16%, indicating selective preference of ozone for simpler compounds. At low concentrations, ozone was mainly influential on soluble COD compounds. Longer feeding times also affected particulate compounds, resulting in the solubilization of the COD fractions. Pre‐ozonation of the dye‐house wastewater, as a segregated stream, proved much more effective in the breakdown of refractory organic compounds, rendering the overall plant effluent more amenable to biological treatment. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Catalysts to improve the abatement of sulfamethoxazole and the resulting organic carbon in water during ozonation

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), one pharmaceutical compound, has been treated in aqueous solutions with catalysts (copper and cobalt type perovskites and cobalt–alumina) and promoters (activated carbons). Hydrogen peroxide and saturated carboxylic acids were identified as intermediates. The effects of adsorption and pH have been investigated. Removal of the starting SMX accomplished with ozone alone is a fast process but catalytic or promoted ozonation is needed to significantly reduce the resulting organic carbon. SMX is, thus, mainly removed through direct ozone reaction while hydroxyl radical oxidation is the mechanism of removal the remaining TOC. The kinetics of the process has also been investigated. Perovskite catalytic ozonation resulted to be a chemical control process and apparent rate constants for homogeneous and heterogeneous ozonation were determined. For activated carbon ozonation, external diffusion of ozone to solid particles controlled the process rate.     

O_3-H_2O_2与活性炭负载TiO_2预处理晚期垃圾渗滤液

采用O_3-H_2O_2高级氧化结合催化O_3氧化技术对晚期垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,考察了颗粒活性炭负载二氧化钛(TiO_2/GAC)催化剂的催化效果,并研究了反应体系中O_3和H_2O_2投加量以及pH等因素对COD去除效果的影响.结果表明,当O_3投加量为1.8 g·L~(-1),H_2O_2投加量为0.27 g·L~(-1),催化剂投加质量分数为15%时,反应90min的COD去除率达到40%;对出水调节pH≥11.4,经过沉淀后,COD去除率提高到58%.出水澄清透明,BOD5/COD从＜0.1提高到0.26.水质得到较大改善,可生化性明显提高,为后续的生化处理工艺起到较好的预处理作用.     

臭氧化的负载型非均相催化剂制备及其作用机理

在难降解废水处理的研究与实践中,负载型非均相催化臭氧化技术作为一种新型高级氧化技术受到了人们的高度关注,促进了负载型非均相催化剂制备及其作用机理研究的快速发展.综述了催化剂制备方法、载体表面属性、载体类型、载体上活性组分种类、负载量、催化剂配比等对负载型非均相催化剂催化活性的影响,并综述了负载型非均相催化剂的催化臭氧化功效和作用机理的研究进展;结合实际的水质状况,指出了其可能发展的方向.