高分子聚合混凝土作为高堆石坝防渗膜垫层的液胀抗渗及渗漏排水试验

针对高堆石坝防渗膜垫层选用颗粒和水泥无砂混凝土在水压力作用下存在的不足,采用高分子聚合混凝土作为高堆石坝防渗膜垫层,通过液胀抗渗试验和缺陷渗漏排水试验,分析了土工膜的液胀抗渗性能影响因素及土工膜存在缺陷时的渗漏量。结果表明,高分子聚合混凝土垫层存在破损时对土工膜的变形影响最大,其透水性能满足缺陷渗漏的排水要求。     

铁尾矿干排应用倾斜板浓缩机的研制

重力浓缩是固液分离的第一道工序,为满足铁尾矿干排处理工艺中含有大量微细颗粒且浓度较低的矿浆对浓缩技术的要求,基于"浅层沉降"原理对浓缩机的结构进行改进,利用一组表面光滑的特制倾斜板面,改变固体颗粒的沉降路径,缩短沉降距离,减少沉降时间,提高沉降速度,改善液流条件,强化浓缩机工作效率,增加浓缩机自然沉淀面积及单位面积生产能力,提出一种新型高效倾斜板浓缩机。     

合成氨造气自动加焦成功应用三周年总结

阐述了自动加焦的工艺流程、工作原理及优点,对造气炉况的影响及在安全、环保、节能降耗方面所取得的成就。     

三层PE热收缩带补口材料抗压性能测试研究

选取目前国内外几种典型的三层聚乙烯(PE)热收缩带补口材料产品,通过改进的压痕试验(加载压力选用5和10 MPa,试验温度选用23℃和50℃,延长加载时间至360 h)测定其压深比(压痕深度/原始厚度),讨论了结合热熔胶、试验温度、加载压力等因素对热收缩带压深比的影响,得到了能够表征目前常见PE热收缩带抗压性能的一般性规律,即高温测试条件下是否结合热熔胶对PE热收缩带的压深比影响不大,室温测试条件下结合热熔胶的PE热收缩带的压深比较高;试验温度对PE热收缩带压深比的影响最大,其次为加载压力,PE热收缩带压深比随试验温度和加载压力的升高而增加。经单个热收缩带产品的抗压性能测试验证,除加载压力对压深比的影响略大于试验温度的影响外,其余均符合所得到的一般性规律。     

Preferentially oriented BaTiO3 thin films deposited on silicon with thin intermediate buffer layers

Barium titanate (BaTiO₃) thin films are prepared by conventional 2-methoxy ethanol-based chemical solution deposition. We report highly c-axis-oriented BaTiO₃ thin films grown on silicon substrates, coated with a lanthanum oxynitrate buffer layer of 8.9 nm. The influence of the intermediate buffer layer on the crystallization of BaTiO₃ film is investigated. The annealing temperature and buffer layer sintering conditions are optimized to obtain good crystal growth. X-ray diffraction measurements show the growth of highly oriented BaTiO₃ thin films having a single perovskite phase with tetragonal geometry. The scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy studies indicate the presence of smooth, crack-free, uniform layers, with densely packed crystal grains on the silicon surface. A BaTiO₃ film of 150-nm thickness, deposited on a buffer layer of 7.2 nm, shows a dielectric constant of 270, remnant polarization (2P_r) of 5 μC/cm², and coercive field (E_c) of 60 kV/cm.     

Improvement of carrier diffusion length in silicon nanowire arrays using atomic layer deposition

To achieve a high-efficiency silicon nanowire (SiNW) solar cell, surface passivation technique is very important because a SiNW array has a large surface area. We successfully prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) high-quality aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) film for passivation on the whole surface of the SiNW arrays. The minority carrier lifetime of the Al₂O₃-depositedSiNW arrays with bulk silicon substrate was improved to 27 μs at the optimum annealing condition. To remove the effect of bulk silicon, the effective diffusion length of minority carriers in the SiNW array was estimated by simple equations and a device simulator. As a result, it was revealed that the effective diffusion length in the SiNW arrays increased from 3.25 to 13.5 μm by depositing Al₂O₃ and post-annealing at 400°C. This improvement of the diffusion length is very important for application to solar cells, and Al₂O₃ deposited by ALD is a promising passivation material for a structure with high aspect ratio such as SiNW arrays.     

Activated carbon fiber cloths as electrodes for high performance electric double layer capacitors

Activated carbon fiber cloth (ACFC) electrodes with high double layer capacitance and good rate capability were prepared from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fabrics by optimizing the carbonization temperature prior to CO₂ activation. The carbonization temperature has a marked effect on both the pore structure and the electrochemical performances of the ACFCs. Moderate carbonization at 600 °C results in higher specific surface area and larger pore size, and hence higher capacitance and better rate capability. The specific capacitance of the ACFCs in 6 mol L⁻¹ KOH aqueous solution can be as high as 208 F g⁻¹. It remains 129 F g⁻¹ as the current density increases to 10 000 mA g⁻¹.     

竹增强环氧乙烯基树脂的制备及性能研究

和传统的钢护拦相比较,竹片增强复合材料护拦具有重量轻、成本低、耐腐蚀、环境友善和可再生性等优点。但是竹纤维表面的复杂成分,影响了复合材料的界面性能。本文利用竹片作为增强材料,采用真空辅助成型方法制备了竹片增强环氧乙烯基树脂复合材料,研究了表面改性和铺层数对竹复合材料弯曲强度和冲击韧性的影响,并对单向复合材料的冲击断面破坏方式进行了分析。结果表明,在不同铺层结构条件下,用经过碱与硅烷偶联剂改性处理过的竹条制备的复合材料的弯曲强度分别提高了31.95%、46.72%、29.58%,冲击韧性分别提高了25.62%、29.74%、28.61%,而且单向复合材料的弯曲和冲击性能最佳。当单向复合材料中的竹片铺层为15层时,其冲击吸收功为13.55J,拉伸强度为270MPa,弯曲强度为340MPa,在主要性能上能满足公路防撞护栏对其原料Q-235B钢的要求;通过扫描电镜分析发现,竹片增强复合材料防撞护栏材料的防撞机理表现为竹纤维抽拔断裂、基体断裂、纤维/基体界面脱黏以及剪切分层。本文的结果对复合材料公路防撞护栏的制备有一定的指导作用。     

纳米Mn-Zn铁氧体电磁吸波水泥基材料的制备与性能

利用化学共沉淀法制备纳米Mn-Zn铁氧体磁流体,再以一定比例将其掺入水泥浆体制备吸波层,以膨胀珍珠岩作为匹配层,制备双层水泥基吸波材料,研究了不同纳米组分掺入量对该种水泥基材料吸波性能的影响.结果表明:纳米Mn-Zn铁氧体吸波砂浆在厚度(20+10)mm、掺量7%时,在8~18 GHz频段内反射率都小于-10 dB,最小反射率为18 GHz处的-15.1 dB.     

Nano‐engineered nickel catalysts supported on 4‐channel α‐Al2O3 hollow fibers for dry reforming of methane

A nickel (Ni) nanoparticle catalyst, supported on 4‐channel α‐Al₂O₃ hollow fibers, was synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Highly dispersed Ni nanoparticles were successfully deposited on the outside surfaces and the inside porous structures of hollow fibers. The catalyst was employed to catalyze the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction and showed a methane reforming rate of 2040 Lh^?1gNi^?1 at 800°C. NiAl₂O₄ spinel was formed when Ni nanoparticles were deposited on alpha‐alumina substrates by ALD, which enhanced the Ni‐support interaction. Different cycles (two, five, and ten) of Al₂O₃ ALD films were applied on the Ni/hollow fiber catalysts to further improve the interaction between the Ni nanoparticles and the hollow fiber support. Both the catalyst activity and stability were improved with the deposition of Al₂O₃ ALD films. Among the Al₂O₃ ALD coated catalysts, the catalyst with five cycles of Al₂O₃ ALD showed the best performance. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2625–2631, 2018