高比例风电并网下基于卡尔多改进的深度调峰机制

针对高比例风电并网下深度调峰中涉及的利益分配问题,在分析资源配置原则与不同类型电源调峰特性的基础上,提出基于卡尔多改进的风火复合系统深度调峰新机制,探讨通过调整参与者利益分配挖掘系统深度调峰潜力的实现方法。以纯凝、热电和风电三类机组为典型代表,分析其机组效益与约束条件表达,并在目标函数中增加补偿与分摊项,由此建立引入卡尔多改进机制的深度调峰数学模型。根据最优化条件和经济学原理,探究该模型中机组效益受补偿与分摊影响的变化规律,揭示卡尔多改进下深度调峰的决策机理。进一步建立了一种方便工程实现的机组补偿费用与分摊费用的分档确定原则,从而克服了求解基于卡尔多改进深度调峰数学模型的困难。算例仿真验证了新机制提高风电消纳的有效性和调整利益分配的合理性。     

峰值电流控制高阶变换器非线性现象研究

峰值电流控制CF-superbuck变换器是高阶变换器,具有复杂的非线性动力学行为。该文建立了峰值电流控制CF-superbuck变换器的离散迭代映射模型,通过数值仿真得到了CF-superbuck变换器的分岔图,研究了系统非线性动力学的演化过程。最后,通过电路仿真和实验得到了电感电流和电容电压所对应的时域波形图和相图,验证了该高阶变换器中的非线性现象。     

响应调峰需求的中小型流域梯级电站短期调度方法

当前我国许多中小型流域水电站水库调节性能较差、上下游水力联系紧密,部分机组开停机仍然依靠人工调整,如何快速制定合理的短期调度方案成为这类水电站群面临的实际难题。针对上述问题,提出响应调峰需求的中小型流域梯级电站短期调度方法。首先采用分段法将典型日负荷曲线重构为与实际负荷趋势相似但更为平整的新负荷曲线;其次以期末水位为控制目标,采用改进逐次切负荷法生成平稳且满足约束条件的初始出力过程;然后采用分段弃水修正策略,变步长增减弃水区段出力直至弃水处理完毕;最后以剩余负荷最大值最小为目标,依电站上下游顺序循环执行改进逐次切负荷法和弃水修正策略直至目标函数值变化满足精度要求。在福建金溪流域梯级水电站群的实例应用表明,本方法能够获得比目前结果更平稳的调度方案,在保证时效性的前提下可有效增加梯级发电量,响应电网调峰需求的同时实现水资源高效利用。     

Characterization of fluorine-, aluminum-, silicon-, and phosphorus-containing complexes in wet-process phosphoric acid using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Wet-process phosphoric acid is one product of the reaction between phosphate rock and sulfuric acid. The limiting step in this process occurs when the acid is filtered from the reaction slurry, which also contains calcium sulfate (gypsum). The acid-soluble impurities present in the phosphate rock (e.g., fluorine, silicon, and aluminum) form complexes in wet-process acid which can alter the optimum size and habit of gypsum crystals, thereby reducing the filtration rates. Fluorine-containing complexes are strongly suspected of being potent modifiers of the crystal habit of gypsum. However, the identities of the complexes responsible for the habit modification have not been established. The identities of the complexes formed in phosphoric acid (28% P₂O₅) containing additions of fluorine (HF and H₂SiF₆) and aluminum [Al(NO₃)₃ · 9H₂O or AlF₃ · 9H₂O] were established in this study by using fluorine-19 (¹⁹F) and phosphorus-31 (³¹P) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. Peaks due to aluminum fluoride, fluorosilicate, and fluoroaluminum phosphate complexes were observed in the NMR spectra recorded from these solutions. In addition, the¹⁹F and³¹P NMR spectra of wet-process acids were recorded. These spectra contained peaks assigned to the hexafluorosilicate ion (major species), along with aluminum fluoride and fluoroaluminum phosphate complexes (minor species).     

淮河干流洪峰流量变化特征

以淮河流域王家坝、鲁台子、吴家渡和小柳巷4个水文站年最大洪峰流量序列为研究对象,采用Kendall秩次检验法、Spearman秩次检验法和线性趋势回归检验法、Mann Kendall检验法、有序聚类、滑动秩和检验法以及小波分析等方法,分析淮河干流典型站点多年洪水系列趋势、突变、周期变化特征。结果表明：该区域的年最大洪峰流量有较大变化,上游的偏差系数总体比下游大,即上游序列离散程度较大,其中,王家坝、鲁台子站点呈现不显著下降趋势,吴家渡、小柳巷站点呈现不显著上升趋势;王家坝站点突变点为1985、1993和2010年,鲁台子站点突变点为1957、2002和2014年,吴家渡站点突变点为1995年,小柳巷站点突变点为1995年;王家坝站主要有3~8 a、[JP]8~14 a、14~22 a和22~32 a这4种尺度的周期,鲁台子站主要有5~13 a和15~32 a两种尺度的周期,吴家渡站主要有5~18a和20~32 a两种尺度的周期,小柳巷站主要有4~7 a、10~15 a和17~25 a这3种尺度的周期。研究结果可为淮河流域防洪规划提供重要依据。     

PREDICTION OF THE ASYMMETRIC PEAK PROFILE USING A MATHEMATICAL METHOD WITH A COMPETITIVE LANGMUIR ISOTHERM

The adsorption characteristics of a single component and a binary component in the stationary phase using preparative chromatography were investigated with a six-adsorption isotherm model. These analyses were based on the Langmuir model. Each parameter of the adsorption isotherm was obtained with the adsorption raw data that was calculated by frontal analysis (FA). The experimental data and the values calculated using the adsorption isotherm model were compared. The bi-Langmuir model showed good agreement for phenol while the tri-Langmuir model showed good agreement for caffeine. Each characteristic of adsorption was obtained from these results. The effect of competitive adsorption was investigated using the parameters of the adsorption isotherm model with a single component. There was good agreement between the experimental data and the calculated values.     

塑性混凝土弹性模量的计算方法

根据塑性混凝土单向轴压应力-应变关系曲线上升段特征,对比普通混凝土弹性模量计算方法,认为塑性混凝土应力-应变关系曲线应力上升段中从0.3倍峰值应力到0.6倍峰值应力为斜率较为稳定阶段,由此建议了适合于塑性混凝土特点的弹性模量计算方法.     

基于Origin软件的多峰实验曲线拟合与数据处理

根据富兰克-赫兹实验原理和实验方法,探讨多峰实验曲线的拟合问题和确定峰值、峰值区间的面积、峰中心、峰宽度和高度的方法以及数据处理方法.     

基于分数阶微分的边缘检测

为了提高图像边缘提取的信噪比,更有效和准确检测图像边缘,由信号的微分特性得出分数阶微分算子较传统1阶和2阶微分算子具有更高的信噪比,然后根据经典的G-L分数阶微分定义推导出的分数阶差分方程,构建了近似的分数阶Tiansi模板.实验证明,基于分数阶微分的边缘提取算子,可以有效提取边缘和有比传统的算子更高的信噪比.     

基于双树复数小波的结构相似度测量法

以人类视觉系统更符合提取图像结构信息为前提的结构相似度评价模型,因其高效特性受到广泛重视,但与传统图像质量评价方法一样,其性能易受比较图像几何变化的影响.为了有效地评价各类图像质量,提出了一种双树复数小波与结构相似性测量相结合的全参考客观评价方法.基于双树复数小波的平移不变性、方向选择性和低冗余特性,首先对图像进行双树复数小波变换,并在复数域计算结构相似度,然后经平均获得客观质量评价分,改善了对几何失真图像的评价性能,且实现简单、计算量小.在LIVE图库上的实验结果表明,提出的模型对亮度、对比度以及几何变化具备更强的稳定性.