Natural fiber composites of high‐temperature thermoplastic polymers: Effects of coupling agents

Our earlier paper (Jana, S.C.; Prieto, A. J Appl Polym Sci 2002, 86, 2159) on the development of natural fiber composites of high‐performance thermoplastic polymers described a new methodology for the manufacturing of composite materials of a high‐temperature thermoplastic polymer, poly(phenylene ether) (PPE) and wood flour, a cellulosic natural filler. A thermosetting epoxy, used as a reactive solvent, reduced the processing temperature of PPE/epoxy blends to well below the decomposition temperature of natural fillers. In addition, the epoxy component, upon polymerization, formed coating layers around the filler particles to provide resistance against moisture diffusion and attacks by acids and alkali. This article describes the results of an investigation on two outstanding issues: (1) the influence of cellulosic wood particles and coupling agents on the speed of epoxy curing and reaction‐induced phase separation and (2) the effects of coupling agents on the morphology of crosslinked epoxy at the surfaces of natural fillers and mechanical properties of the composites. It was found that wood particles expedited epoxy curing in the composites; the extent of epoxy curing, however, was reduced in the presence of coupling agents. Also, the coupling agents promoted complete coverage of wood flour particles by polymerized epoxy, although the mechanical properties deteriorated over systems without coupling agents. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2168–2173, 2002     

PROCESS CONTROL PERSPECTIVE FOR PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGY: INTEGRATION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PRACTICE INTO SEMICONDUCTOR AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES

FDA's Process Analytical Technology (PAT) initiative provides an unprecedented opportunity for chemical engineers to play significant roles in the pharmaceutical industry. In this article, the authors provide their perspectives on (1) the need for chemical engineering principles in pharmaceutical development for a thorough process understanding; (2) applications of chemical engineering principles to meet the challenges from the semiconductor and pharmaceutical industries; and (3) the integration of chemical engineering practice into the semiconductor and pharmaceutical industries to achieve process understanding and the desired state of quality-by-design. A real-world case study from the semiconductor industry is presented to demonstrate how a classic chemical engineering concept, mixing homogeneity, can be implemented by inducing forced flow to ensure an excellent copper electrochemical plating process performance and to improve product quality substantially. Further, a case study of brake system design is discussed with the concept of Dr. Taguchi's robust engineering design to illustrate how quality-by-design can be achieved through appropriate experimental design, in conjunction with the discussion on the concept of quality-by-design in pharmaceuticals. Third, a case study of freeze-dried sodium ethacrynate is presented to demonstrate the vital importance of controlling the processing factors to achieve the desired product stability. Finally, the problems of the current pharmaceutical manufacturing mode, the opportunities and engineering challenges during implementation of PAT in the pharmaceutical industry, and the role of chemical engineering in implementation of PAT is discussed in detail.     

基于流动平衡的塑料挤出模优化设计

在构建流道三维参数化模型的基础上,将有限元数值分析和优化技术相结合,以口模出口处型材截面上各子区域平均流速相等为优化目标,以压缩段入口壁厚和平直段长度为设计变量,对挤出模优化设计进行了研究。并以实例说明了优化设计的具体过程,验证了所用方法的正确性和有效性。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中防腐剂

采用反相高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中山梨酸、苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯等6种防腐剂,用ZorbaxODS(5μm,4 6mmi d ×150mm)柱,V(磷酸二氢钾)∶V(乙腈)为90∶10作流动相,加入磷酸调pH值为2 0,检测波长为254nm。样品用乙醇-水-冰乙酸(体积比为70∶29 5∶0 5)提取,回收率为90 8%～105 7%,相对标准偏差为3 1%～8 5%。     

协同法绩效管理是基于企业战略的一项重要管理活动

协同法绩效管理是企业的一项重要的管理活动,国有企业的绩效管理由于历史和发展的原因,在认识、方法和机制上都有不少缺陷,从而导致绩效管理实施不到位。因此,需要总结实践经验,持续改进和完善企业绩效管理,从而释放员工的工作热情和各个层面的管理能力。     

误差对无侧隙双滚子包络环面蜗杆传动啮合性能的影响研究

为了研究误差对无侧隙双滚子包络环面蜗杆传动啮合性能的影响规律,利用齿轮啮合原理首次建立了该蜗杆传动在误差状态下的啮合方程、润滑角方程和诱导法曲率方程,分析了蜗杆蜗轮轴交角误差、中心距误差、蜗杆轴向窜动误差、蜗轮滚子齿距角误差、蜗轮滚子偏距安装误差等对蜗杆润滑角、诱导法曲率的影响及变化规律。研究结果表明:蜗轮滚子偏距误差对蜗杆的润滑性能影响最大,轴交角误差对蜗杆接触性能影响最大,蜗杆中心距误差、蜗杆轴向窜动误差和蜗轮滚子齿距角误差对该蜗杆传动的接触性能影响较小,在制定加工工艺时应尽量减小齿距角误差和蜗杆蜗轮轴交角误差。本文的研究结果为制定合适的蜗杆加工工艺及进一步的相关研究奠定了理论基础。     

水平气井优化设计与应用

分析影响水平气井优化设计的地质因素、水平井最优长度、最优位置.结合水平井优化设计的实例分析,提供确定水平井最佳长度和位置的方法.     

靖边气田盒8段钻井液封堵性能提高方法研究

高桥地区靖边气田石盒子组盒8段砂岩储层井径扩大严重,引起测井信息失真、地质储量评价不准确等一系列问题.通过优化CaCO3酸溶性封堵剂的复配比例和添加成膜剂及润湿反转剂降低砂岩自吸两种途径提高钻井液的封堵性能,从而实现井壁稳定.改进后钻井液对盒8段的封堵率提高至95.6%,砂岩自吸量降低85%.     

纳米CaCO_3对聚丙烯酸乳液胶粘剂性能的影响

采用纳米CaCO3粉体对涂层用聚丙烯酸酯乳液胶粘剂进行改性,制得应用于玻纤布涂层的纳米CaCO3/聚丙烯酸酯乳液复合胶粘剂。对加入不同配比CaCO3粉体改性后的胶粘剂进行了粒径测试,并测试分析所制得乳液胶粘剂的固含量、粘度、稳定性的影响。然后对玻纤布进行涂层,测试涂层的耐碱性、粘结力。结果显示:当粉体加入量为2‰左右时,所得乳液胶粘剂的固含量、粘度、稳定性及涂层性能最优,玻纤布表面涂层的耐碱性及粘结力最好,显出最佳的综合性能。     

机械原理教学与创新设计相结合的实践与探索

把机械创新设计理念融入到课程教学中,使课程教学内容与机械创新设计知识有机融合在一起,向学生全面贯彻机械创新设计理念,提高学生的创新意识。同时结合一些学生创新设计的优秀作品,说明这种教学方式,可以使学生在增加感性认识的同时,更能深刻了解工程实践,促进学生工程实践能力、创新能力等综合素质的培养和提高。