无色分散剂在聚合物多元醇中的应用研究

使用自制的具有特殊双键结构、低黏度、无色透明分散剂(BDF-4)合成高固含量普通聚合物多元醇(POP)。实验表明,采用BDF-4合成的聚合物多元醇,不仅黏度低、粒子细腻,而且水溶性很好;同时,由于分散剂特殊的结构使得所制备的聚氨酯软泡具有较高的承载力。     

无CFC硬泡用低粘度聚醚多元醇

介绍了一种具有自乳化性、高羟值低粘度聚醚多元醇。以该聚醚多元醇为基础,制备了无ＣＦＣ或ＣＦＣ减半ＰＵ硬泡,包括ＨＣＦＣ－１４１ｂ减关体系、正（异）戊烷发泡体系、全水发泡及ＣＦＣ－１１减半体系。实验结果表明,该聚醚与ＨＣＦＣ－１４１ｂ、戊烷及水等相溶性好,组合料贮存稳定,硬泡物性优良,说明该聚醚可广泛应用于各种无ＣＦＣ ＰＵ硬泡体系。     

全水发泡中高密度超软聚氨酯泡沫的制备

采用软化剂与降低TDI指数相结合的方法制备了中等密度的超软聚氨酯泡沫,泡沫性能和当前的软化剂与二氯甲烷结合体系的相当。使用自制聚醚多元醇,全水发泡,制备了高密度超软PU泡沫,25％压陷硬度25～38N,65％／25％压陷比大于2．8。     

Preparation of semirigid polyurethane foam with liquefied bamboo residues

Bamboo residues were liquefied by using a solvent mixture consisting of polyethylene glycol 400 and crude glycerol (4/1, w/w) with 98% sulfuric acid as catalyst at 160°C for 120 min. The liquefied bamboo had hydroxyl values from 178 to 200 mg KOH/g and viscosities from 507 to 2201 mPa S. The obtained bamboo‐based polyols were reacted with various amounts of polyaryl polymethylene isocyanate (PAPI), using distilled water as blowing agent, silicone as surfactant, and triethylenediamine and dibutyltine dilaurate as cocatalyst to produce semirigid polyurethane (PU) foams. The [NCO]/[OH] ratio was found to be an important factor to control the mechanical properties of PU foams. At a fixed [NCO]/[OH] ratio, both density and compressive strength of PU foams decreased with the increase of bamboo content. The microstructure of PU foams indicates that [NCO]/[OH] ratios are important for cell formation and chemical reactions. The uniformity and cell structure of the foams are comparable to their corresponding compressive strengths. Moreover, the thermogravimetry analysis showed that all the semirigid PU foams had approximately the same degradation temperature of about 250 to 440°C. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

两种工艺制备聚醚多元醇ZS-4110Ⅱ的比较

通过对在两种不同催化合成工艺条件下生产聚醚ZS-4110Ⅱ的研究,比较了该产品在成本、收集、质量指标及应用性能等方面的差异。二甲胺催化生产的聚醚ZS-4110ⅡA在生产效率、制造成本等方面有明显的优势,而氢氧化钾催化生产的聚醚ZS-4110ⅡK在产品的内在质量以及应用性能方面要优于胺工艺聚醚。     

Polymer brush coatings for combating marine biofouling

A variety of functional polymer brushes and coatings have been developed for combating marine biofouling and biocorrosion with much less environmental impact than traditional biocides. This review summarizes recent developments in marine antifouling polymer brushes and coatings that are tethered to material surfaces and do not actively release biocides. Polymer brush coatings have been designed to inhibit molecular fouling, microfouling and macrofouling through incorporation or inclusion of multiple functionalities. Hydrophilic polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol), hydrogels, zwitterionic polymers and polysaccharides, resist attachment of marine organisms effectively due to extensive hydration. Fouling release polymer coatings, based on fluoropolymers and poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomers, minimize adhesion between marine organisms and material surfaces, leading to easy removal of biofoulants. Polycationic coatings are effective in reducing marine biofouling partly because of their good bactericidal properties. Recent advances in controlled radical polymerization and click chemistry have also allowed better molecular design and engineering of multifunctional brush coatings for improved antifouling efficacies.     

钻井液降滤失剂聚合醇PEA的研制与评价

合成出了一种用作钻井液降滤失剂的新聚合醇类产品——PEA。介绍了丙三醇与环氧氯丙烷的聚合产物PEA的最佳合成条件：ECH与丙三醇的物质的量比为1．0：1．0；碱与ECH的物质的量比为1．2：1．0；溶剂为丙酮，催化剂为氯化铝。评价了聚合醇PEA在淡水浆、4％盐水浆和MMH正电胶井浆中的降滤失效果。实验结果表明，聚合醇PEA可以用作水基钻井液的降滤失剂，而且PEA在4％盐水浆中的降滤失效果好于其在淡水浆中的降滤失效果，加量大于40．0g／L时，在淡水浆中降滤失率大于84％，表观粘度有所增加，滤饼质量得到改善，在4％盐水浆中降滤失率大于89．1％，表观粘度有一定增加，但增加幅度小于淡水浆；在淡水浆中，PEA在高温高压下仍有良好的降滤失效果，可以抗120℃的高温；PEA可用于正电胶钻井液，并与其它多种处理剂配伍性较好。     

适用于HFC134A制冷剂的多元醇酯型制冷压缩机油

介绍了适用于不破坏大气臭氧层制冷剂ＨＦＣ１３４Ａ（１，１，１，２－四氟乙烷）的ＲＩＰＰＲＥＦＯＬＳＬ制冷压缩机油的各种理化性能。以多元醇酯为基础油并加有多种添加剂所组成的ＳＬ制冷压缩机油具有较好的与ＨＦＣ１３４Ａ的互溶性和热化学安定性，良好的润滑性、抗水解性和低温性能，适用于不同类型、不同要求的以ＨＦＣ１３４Ａ作制冷剂的制冷压缩机中。还评述了ＨＦＣ１３４Ａ和氟里昂ＣＦＣ１２制冷剂对制冷压缩机油性能要求上的异同以及酯类油和烃类冷冻机油在性能方面的差异。     

JH-4548芳胺型聚醚多元醇的研制

介绍了JH-4548芳胺型聚醚多元醇的制备方法,讨论了聚醚起始剂种类、配比及合成工艺对JH-4548芳胺型聚醚多元醇质量及其合成的聚氨酯仿木结构硬泡性能的影响.结果表明,以芳胺化合物质量分数15%～20%,蔗糖5%～20%,山梨醇10%,甘油50%～70%制成复合起始剂;首批环氧丙烷(PO)加入量占总PO质量分数的25%时,与起始剂聚合所得聚醚的活性高,粘度适中,由它制备的聚氨酯仿木结构硬泡,可应用于汽车仪表盘骨架.     

新戊基多元醇酯结构与热稳定性的关系

用热失重法考察了新戊基多元醇酯结构与热稳定性的关系。长链脂肪酸和长链异构脂肪酸可以提高新戊基多元醇酯的热稳定性,而短链的异构酸则会降低新戊基多元醇酯的热稳定性。新戊基多元醇酯的热稳定性随羟基的增加而提高。