Semiempirical and ab initio conformational analysis of 2-methylene-8,8-dimethyl-1,4,6,10-tetraoxaspiro[4.5] decane with application of GIAO-SCF methods to NMR spectrum interpretation

The GIAO-SCF method for calculating isotropic nuclear magnetic shielding values has been utilized to explain certain features in the ¹H-NMR spectrum of 2-methylene-8,8-dimethyl-1,4,6,10-tetraoxaspiro[4.5] decane. Population distributions of the low-energy conformers based on their ab initio energies were used to produce weighting factors for the individual calculated shielding values to calculate the weighted average of the shielding values for a complete set of conformers. The differences in ¹H chemical shifts between the hydrogens of the two methyl groups and between the axial and equatorial hydrogens in 2-methylene-8,8-dimethyl-1,4,6,10-tetraoxaspiro[4.5] decane were shown to be due to energy differences between the chair and boat orientations of the six-membered ring and contribution from a twist-boat conformation. Results suggest a hypothesis that intramolecular differences in chemical shift might be calculated to a greater degree of accuracy than chemical shifts calculated relative to a standard.     

Discrete choice in commuter space: Small area analysis of diurnal population change in the Tokyo Metropolitan Region

Considerations of metropolitan commuting have often related to urban space as a continuum, and to commuting itself as a process. This approach has led to escalating complexity in the measurement, modeling and analysis of commuting, often with no commensurate results. The present study extends an alternative approach that considers commuter space of a metropolis as a discrete set of small areas. Each small area throughout the metropolis is a nighttime location of some households and, as a possible discrete destination choice of individuals within households, each subarea is also a daytime location of some persons. Each subarea, therefore, may be thought of as attaining two values, corresponding to its daytime (e.g., noontime) and nighttime (e.g., midnight) populations. The diurnal demographic shift of subareas, as a set of binary events, or toggles, between daytime and nighttime populations, is associated with commuter access throughout the metropolis. Diurnal shift offers structural simplicity aimed at estimating small-area daytime populations across a metropolitan region that might suitably precede and complement conventional continuum considerations of commuting. Using data for the Tokyo Metropolitan Region, we identify average household size as the nighttime indicator of small-areas, and daytime population density as their daytime indicator. The potential for the estimation of daytime populations across metropolitan regions where daytime population data are unavailable, is underscored by the clear tendency towards inverse relation of these two indicators of diurnal shift.     

Ecological strategies successfully predict the effects of river floodplain rehabilitation on breeding birds

To improve the ecological functioning of riverine ecosystems, large‐scale floodplain rehabilitation has been carried out in the Rhine–Meuse Delta since the 1990s. This paper evaluates changes in abundance of 93 breeding bird species over a period of 10 years in response to rehabilitation, by comparing population changes in 75 rehabilitated sites with 124 non‐rehabilitated reference sites. Such quantitative, multi‐species, large‐scale and long‐term evaluations of floodplain rehabilitation on biodiversity are still scarce, particularly studies that focus on the terrestrial component. We try to understand the effects by relating population trends to ecological and life‐history traits and strategies of breeding birds. More specifically, we try to answer the question whether rehabilitation of vegetation succession or hydro‐geomorphological river processes is the key driver behind recent population changes in rehabilitated sites. Populations of 35 species have significantly performed better in rehabilitated sites compared to non‐rehabilitated floodplains, whereas only 8 have responded negatively to rehabilitation. Differences in effects between species are best explained by the trait selection of nest location. Reproductive investment and migratory behaviour were less strong predictors. Based on these three traits we defined eight life‐history strategies that successfully captured a substantial amount of variation in rehabilitation effects. We conclude that spontaneous vegetation succession and initial excavations are currently more important drivers of population changes than rehabilitation of hydrodynamics. The latter are strongly constrained by river regulation. If rehabilitation of hydro‐geomorphological processes remains incomplete in future, artificial cyclic floodplain rejuvenation will be necessary for sustainable conservation of characteristic river birds. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

少数民族流动人口研究综述——以2008年以来CNKI数据库分析为例

近年来关于少数民族流动人口研究颇多,侧重点集中在少数民族流动人口现状、特点的总体分析、城市适应问题、子女教育问题、民族差异引发的社会问题、社会保障与权益保护问题、对城市民族关系的影响等方面。总结、归纳、分析、概括以上多方面的研究成果,对研究存在的问题及空白点加以剖析,以求从全局的角度关注此研究。     

用Excel实现单个正态总体均值的假设检验

单个正态总体均值的检验是假设检验中最基础的内容.通过证明两个总体均值之差假设检验的特殊情形和单个正态总体均值检验的一致性,提供了用Excel进行单个正态总体均值的检验的一种便捷方法.     

基于Logistic模型的P2P资源流行程度分析

为了解决目标资源数量增多而带来的监管成本过高的问题,提出一种基于Logistic模型的资源流行程度分析方法.利用该方法估计目标资源的流行程度,剔除流行程度低的资源,以此缩小监控范围,减少节点的部署数量.在Kad中对不同资源进行追踪,统计资源的共享节点数量,估计Logistic模型的参数,并进行曲线拟合.通过决策树建模得出,资源的共享节点数量和资源大小是影响该方法准确性的关键因素.     

面向火灾救援的室内定位与逃生路径规划系统

在发生火灾等紧急情况时,由于高层楼宇空间小、出口少的结构特性,受困人员逃生往往很困难。针对传统的被动引导逃生方式中信息获取有限、易产生人群聚集等缺点,该文提出主动式逃生导航的概念,设计了一种改进的K-Means室内定位方法,结合人群密度检测与环境信息采集,进行路径导航,实现了一套基于传感器网络与智能手机的定位导航系统。实验表明,该系统能较好地提高定位精度,避开火灾点,增大每个人的逃生几率,该文为室内逃生导航方案提供了新的思路。     

对安徽省城镇体育人口与经济发展特征探析

运用文献资料、访谈、问卷调查、数理统计等研究方法,对安徽省城镇体育人口现状进行调查研究,结果显示:安徽省经济发展迅速,社会体育人口比率与城镇居民人均可支配收入成正比,与各地市人口总数成反比。安徽省城镇体育人口性别比为109.55,分别高出全国和安徽省人口性别比4.35和6.16。     

一类加权种群系统边界控制的最优条件

文章讨论了一类与年龄相关且具有加权总规模的非线性时变种群系统边界控制为最优的必要条件,得到了由积分-偏微分方程和变分不等式组成的最优性组.     

多层次弹性养老保障制度探讨

建立多层次弹性养老保障制度可以分散和降低人口老龄化带来的养老风险。针对我国社会养老保险制度所面临的严峻的人口老龄化挑战,分析了现行社会养老保险制度的缺陷;提出了包括一个救助层、两个强制层、一个补充层和一个自助层的五层次弹性养老保障制度模型。