东湖淤泥制备多孔陶瓷滤料的研究

以武汉东湖淤泥为主要原料制备多孔陶瓷滤料,并在淤泥系列最佳配方中添加成孔剂白云石与石墨进行气孔率调控,通过SEM、XRD等测试手段测试了样品的相关理化性能。结果表明,淤泥用于制备多孔陶瓷滤料可行;成孔剂石墨与白云石的加入都能起到气孔率调控的作用,以石墨为成孔剂的系列具有更优的性能。典型配方YC2石墨添加量达20wt％（外加）,于1080℃下烧成样品的显气孔率为36．97％,吸水率为20．34％,体积密度为1．82kg／m^3,压碎强度为13．50Mpa,耐酸性为96．76％及耐碱性为97．38％。     

不同无机铵盐对陶瓷结合剂CBN砂轮造孔的应用研究

分别研究了无机铵盐NH4F、NH4Cl、（NH4）2SO4和NH4HCO3的不同添加量对低温陶瓷结合剂CBN砂轮造孔的影响,采用气孔率、抗折强度以及试样SEM断口形貌对造孔效果进行了评价。结果表明：NH4Cl使砂轮开裂,不能作为低温陶瓷结合剂CBN造孔剂。NH4F造孔效果不明显,不适合造孔。（NH4）2SO4造孔剂的质量分数应控制在5％以内,质量分数达到5％时,砂轮孔隙率为36．14％,抗折强度为29．03MPa,气孔皆为小孔,气孔可调性差。NH。HCO,造孔剂质量分数应控制在15％以内,质量分数为5％时,砂轮孔隙率为34．19％,抗折强度为40．32MPa;质量分数增加到15％时,孔隙率达到42．5％,抗折强度为29．16MPa,且大孔径气孔比例随质量分数的提高而提高,气孔可调性好。     

Carbon nanotubes inhibit the hemolytic activity of the pore-forming toxin pyolysin

Functionalized carbon nanotubes have already demonstrated great biocompatibility and potential for drug delivery. We have synthesized acid oxidized and non-covalently PEGlyated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), which were previously prepared for drug delivery purposes, and explored their potential for detoxification in the bloodstream. Our investigations of the binding of SWNTs to a pore-forming toxin pyolysin show that SWNTs prevented toxin-induced pore formation in the cell membrane of human red blood cells. Quantitative hemolysis assay and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the inhibition of hemolytic activity of pyolysin. According to Raman spectroscopy data, human red blood cells, unlike HeLa cells, did not internalize oxidized SWNTs. Molecular modeling and circular dichroism measurements were used to predict the 3-D structure of pyolysin (domain 4) and its interaction with SWNTs. The tryptophan-rich hydrophobic motif in the membrane-binding domain of pyolysin, a common construct in a large family of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins, shows high affinity for SWNTs. Electronic Supplementary Material  Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com     

SiC多孔陶瓷制备方法研究进展

碳化硅(SiC)多孔陶瓷作为一种重要的结构材料,具有高熔点、高强度、比表面积大、体积密度小、热膨胀系数小以及良好的化学稳定性等优点,被广泛应用于催化剂载体、气/液过滤装置、生物医学材料、保温材料和耐火材料等领域。SiC多孔陶瓷的微观结构、性能及服役寿命等均受其制备方法的影响,因此综述了近年来国内外在SiC多孔陶瓷制备方法方面的研究进展,总结了物理成孔法(包括颗粒堆积法、冷冻干燥法及3D打印法等)和化学成孔法(包括添加造孔剂法、有机泡沫浸渍法与生物模板法等)制备SiC多孔陶瓷的优缺点,并对其发展方向和重点进行了展望。     

TiO2用于锌空电池阴极催化剂的研究

介绍了一种应用于氧还原电极的新型催化剂--TiO2.以TiCl4一步水蒸气水解法制备在活性炭(AC)上负载均匀分布的粉状TiO2/AC,制作成空气电极并组装成空气电池,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、电化学阻抗(EIS)对催化剂粒子的大小、物相和半导体催化剂电极性能进行了分析,优化了空气电极的性能、各成分用量和工艺参数,用稳态极化曲线法和恒电流放电法测试电极性能.结果显示,400℃煅烧制得粒径约为16.5 nm的锐钛矿型TiO2,且对O2的还原有一定的催化作用,电流密度在150 mA/cm2时端电压保持在0.8 V以上.     

长螺旋干成孔压灌混凝土灌注桩工程应用与分析

长螺旋干成孔压灌混凝土桩适合于多层及小高层基础工程。结合实际工程,对长螺旋干成孔压灌混凝土灌注桩单桩承载力的确定方法进行了研究,通过理论计算值与实测值的对比分析,指出在计算单桩承载力时,以实际桩径作为计算依据比较切合实际,计算时可将充盈系数i转化为实际桩径与理论桩径之比(其值为i),在此基础上给出了计算实际单桩竖向极限承载力标准值的修正公式。     

介孔-大孔双孔结构二氧化硅块状材料的合成

以正硅酸乙酯、聚乙二醇、碳粉、乙醇、水和氨水为主要原料,用溶胶-凝胶法通过压块成型工艺制备了具有介孔-大孔双孔结构的块状SiO2多孔材料.研究了不同处理温度下样品的红外光谱、差热与热重曲线和孔结构.结果表明:600℃的热处理工艺可以除去样品中的聚乙二醇和碳粉,使之形成硅氧网络结构,得到介孔平均孔径为16～17 nm、大孔孔径约为10μm的介孔-大孔双孔结构SiO2块状材料.     

SOFC阳极层的等离子喷涂混合炭粉成孔工艺

采用大气等离子喷涂技术,以活性炭粉作为成孔材料,获得了薄且多孔的中温固体氧化物燃料电池SOFC阳极层.实验研究分析了添加炭粉造孔剂和改进喷涂工艺参数对阳极层孔隙率的影响.结果表明:在合适的喷涂工艺条件下,添加质量比为15%的炭粉并进行后处理可得到孔隙率30.2%的阳极层,满足SOFC对阳极层孔隙率的要求.     

成孔剂对烧结页岩砖性能的影响

选用锯末、煤矸石和造纸污泥作为烧结页岩砖的成孔剂,系统研究不同成孔剂的热解特性及其对页岩烧结砖的可塑性、体积密度、抗压强度、显孔隙率、吸水率等性能的影响。结果表明：随着锯末掺量的增加,烧结砖中孔隙数量增加,同时其体积密度和强度迅速下降,吸水率增加,因而掺量应控制在6%以内;煤矸石可塑性较差,烧失量较小,烧结页岩砖的孔隙率低,从而导致其吸水率低,体积密度和强度降低幅度都较小,实际生产中可根据内燃砖发热量和可塑性要求,适量掺加煤矸石;造纸污泥的可塑性较好,随着掺量增加混合料的可塑性变大,但掺量过大成型搅拌困难     

Salt resistant and self-cleaning CNTs-SEBS-MAH composite membrane for seawater desalination

Solar-driven steam generation membranes have garnered increasing attention for freshwater production. Nonetheless, the adverse impact of salt accumulation on membrane surfaces directly undermines the efficacy of solar evaporation. In this work, one type of composite membrane comprised of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene (SEBS) was fabricated by modified vapor phase pore-forming technique. Through the grafting of maleic anhydride (MAH), the CNTs-SEBS-MAH composite membrane was successfully hydrolyzed. As a consequence, the composite membrane exhibits evaporation rate as high as 1.28 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ under one sun solar irradiation, accompanied by an outstanding solar vapor conversion efficiency of 87.5%. In addition, the fabricated composite membrane has high resistance to salt accumulation, as well as self-cleaning capability. This work provides a route for manufacturing hydrophilic polymer composite membrane towards solar energy driven seawater desalination.