小浪底水库运用对下游游荡性河道的影响

本文回顾了黄河下游游荡性河段河道整治的历史情况，重点研究了小浪底水库运用５０年内不沙条件下下游游荡性的断面开矿和河相关系（包括河道水面宽、平均水深、平均流速、河相断面系数等方面的变化），对比了花园口和高村两粘面在水库动用前、拦潲动用玫蓄清排浑运用各阶段河相关系各变量的变化。分析结果表明，小浪底水库建成运用后，黄河下游游荡性游荡性基本未变。为了确保防洪安全，对该河段仍需积极进行整治，修筑控导工程，缩     

Accreditation: At what cost?

Comments on the article by Conway (see record 1985-10567-001). Professor Conway makes a compelling case for the development of a national accreditation service for the review of applied training programmes. Although his historical account of the development of professional psychology in Canada has portrayed a rocky--at times, impassable--road, we have seemingly survived the trip. It is clear that Conway and some others feel that the benefits far outweigh the discomfort. The rest of us will be propelled--or perhaps dragged, kicking and screaming--forward into meeting our responsibilities for a better-defined and a higher-quality training enterprise. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Treatment of the reluctant client.

"This paper proposes to consider some theoretical and practical considerations concerning persons who do not enter psychotherapy willingly." A tentative behavioral continuum at the onset of treatment is proposed. This proceeds from "active hostility" at one extreme to "negativism" to "passive resistance" to "neutrality" to "admission of a problem" to "recognition of personal problem and desire for help in working it out." Pretherapy designates any work with reluctant clients with the object of raising them up the continuum to full therapy-client status. Ethical considerations, the role of anxiety, and treatment possibilities are discussed. Brief vignettes of reluctant clients are provided. "They are human beings who are not getting nearly enough peace and happiness out of life—and they are making others miserable in the process. They need help; but many are not getting it. Graduate schools do not offer courses on the treatment of the reluctant client, probably because little study has gone into the problem." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Relationship of marital status to incidence and prognosis of schizophrenia.

Schizophrenic patients were traced for 5.5 yr. following initial admission and were classified as Recovered (60 males, 52 females) if hospitalized for no longer than 6 mo. or Nonrecovered (23 males, 33 females) if hospitalized for at least 5 yr. In comparison with the Recovered group, patients in the Nonrecovered group were less likely to be married and showed inferior social and sexual adjustment prior to the illness. Combining the Recovered and Nonrecovered groups, the patients were less likely to be married than people of the same sex and age in the US population. Some variables (marriage, education, and work history) showed a differential relationship with incidence or prognosis of schizophrenia for the male and female patients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Initial activation of platinum-rhodium gauzes for the catalytic oxidation of ammonia

Studies have been made of the activation of platinum-rhodium gauze catalysts for the oxidation of ammonia, using optical microscopy, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and electron spectroscopy to characterize the surfaces. The initial washing procedure is found to remove calcium and to reduce carbon residues on the surface, as a result of which the catalyst is active at lower temperatures. Subsequent activation in a hydrogen flame or in oxygen causes surface rearrangements and results in rhodium enrichment at the surface: this latter trend is partially reversed in the early stages of the oxidation of ammonia. Water vapor is found to deactivate the activated gauze.     

辽河油区天然气勘探开发现状及对策

在经历30多年的辉煌以后,辽河油区天然气勘探开发已经面临严重的局面:后备资源严重不足、主力产气区进入开发末期,稳产难度越来越大。通过对“十一.五”期间辽河油区天然气勘探开发方向和目标进行的初步分析,认为从“主力含气层”转向“非主力含气层”、从陆上转向滩海、从整装常规气藏转向隐蔽与特殊气藏、注重老区挖潜和积极开辟有效资源接替区是辽河油区天然气勘探开发的出路所在。     

Merging Strategy for Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval Systems based on Learning Vector Quantization

We present a new approach based on neural networks to solve the merging strategy problem for Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval (CLIR). In addition to language barrier issues in CLIR systems, how to merge a ranked list that contains documents in different languages from several text collections is also critical. We propose a merging strategy based on competitive learning to obtain a single ranking of documents merging the individual lists from the separate retrieved documents. The main contribution of the paper is to show the effectiveness of the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) algorithm in solving the merging problem. In order to investigate the effects of varying the number of codebook vectors, we have carried out several experiments with different values for this parameter. The results demonstrate that the LVQ algorithm is a good alternative merging strategy.     

Some correlates of high need for achievement among urban northern negroes.

A survey instrument was administered to a random sample of 200 Boston Negroes. Positive r's between need for Achievement (n Ach) and occupational status, information, and seeing white as larger on the irradiation perceptual illusion were found. A negative r existed between n Ach and authoritarian child training attitudes. Father absence was linked to low n Ach. High n Ach northern men (NM) tend to be less religious, more militant, better educated, have higher occupational status, and feel more victimized than low n Ach NM. High n Ach southern men (SM) have higher incomes, are more religious, deny feeling victimized by discrimination, repress their hostility, and are less educated than low n Ach SM. High n Ach women tend to join protest groups. High n Ach southern women (SW) express their own hostility and accept male violence while high n Ach northern women do not. No relation was found between n Ach and somatotype. (18 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Extraversion and the acquisition of eyeblink and GSR conditioned responses.

A summary is given of studies relating eyeblink and GSR conditioning to the personality dimension of extraversion (E). It is found that extraverts are poorer in eyeblink conditioning when conditions favor the development of inhibition, as by the use of partial reinforcement; they do not differ from introverts when conditions are such as to preclude the development of inhibition. Extraverts are poorer in GSR conditioning when relatively mild stimuli are used, but do not differ from introverts when very strong stimuli are used, making impossible the development of cortical inhibition. They are also poorer than introverts when discrimination learning is involved, facilitating the growth of inhibition. Correlations between conditioning and personality appear to be dependent on the suitability of experimental conditions to evoke cortical inhibition; correlations are process and not status functions. These findings have implications for the problem of the generality of the hypothetical factor of "conditionability." (2 p. ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Status restoration and the reduction of hostility.

"The present study reports positive results on a test of the implications of a 'threat' theory of hostility, namely, that hostility is reduced by status restoration. Essentially, the experiments deals with techniques designed to restore the status or the integrity of the S, who has been subjected to the hostile arousing conditions, without permitting expression of aggression (catharsis or communication)." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)