QBZ-2×120/1140(660)SF型煤矿局部通风机用隔爆型双电源真空磁力起动器的设计

为控制和保护局部通风机、对旋风机、双对旋风机的正常运行,设计的起动器具有断相、过载、短路、漏地闭锁等故障的保护功能,可自动实现主、辅机间的相互切换功能,同时还具有故障记忆、查询、中文汉字显示以及运行状态信号上传功能,新研发了煤矿局部通风机用隔爆型双电源真空电磁起动器。重点介绍了该起动器的工作原理及使用方法。该起动器经煤矿井下实际应用,取得了良好的效果。     

影响我国传统陶瓷包装设计的因素分析

中国作为一个历史悠久的陶瓷之国,在传统陶瓷包装设计的漫长历程中,有许多因素对其产生了不同的影响：工艺技术是影响传统陶瓷包装设计的根本因素,贸易的发展与繁荣是推动传统陶瓷包装设计的外在因素,文化观念是影响传统陶瓷包装设计的内在因素,宗教则是传统陶瓷包装设计不可忽视的要素。当代设计师应该研究影响我国传统陶瓷包装设计的各种因素,并将中国古代陶瓷包装中的方便性、实用性和科学性渗透到现代陶瓷包装设计中,从而创造出标志时代文化最高水准的陶瓷包装。     

Employer investment in Apprenticeships in England: an exploration of the sensitivity of employers in the construction sector to the net costs of training

Apprenticeships in England are undergoing major reform which will likely require employers to make a cash contribution to meeting the fees of their training providers. In return employers will be given more influence over the content of the training. If employers are expected to make a cash contribution this is likely to have an impact on their willingness to deliver Apprenticeships. Based on a series of employer case studies conducted between 1995 and 2011 an examination is provided of construction employers’ sensitivity to the costs of delivering Apprenticeships. Because the cost to the employer is relatively high, and because there is a degree of uncertainty attached to recouping those costs, there is a distinct set of disincentives to construction employers providing Apprenticeships. This is important. First, the construction sector will need to recruit a large number of additional people into skilled trades jobs over the next 10 years as the sector’s recovery gains pace and many existing employees retire. Second, Apprenticeships in the sector have an important role to play in young people’s transition from school into work. A fall in the number of apprentices in the sector is likely to have important economic and social consequences.     

浅谈开关设备的防凝露措施

本文从凝露现象的成因及危害着手分析,进而阐述了户内外开关设备防凝露的几种通行措施,通过对现在常用的几种类型除湿装置的原理及功能对比,提出了今后防凝露装置将向智能化方向发展,并最终实现远程监控、数据采样分析等实用功能。     

五星级酒店空调通风设计中若干问题的探讨

介绍了五星级酒店空调通风设计中应注意的若干问题,包括室内设计标准、冷热源型式的选择、空调风系统的设计、厨房的通风、客房新风的供应方式、空调系统的热回收等问题.对设计中的一些经验和教训进行了总结.     

消防行业特有工种职业技能鉴定发展趋势

消防技能鉴定工作的有序开展,在提高消防行业劳动者素质、促进就业、规范从业门槛、增进社会和谐稳定中所起的作用日益明显.基于职业技能鉴定以职业活动为导向、以实际操作为考核依据、以第三方认证为基础的特点,建议消防职业技能鉴定从延展鉴定对象、实施终身培训、注重高技能人才培养、树立鉴定公信力、强化服务意识、规范统一鉴定标准等方面加强和改进.     

测绘技能竞赛与建筑工程测量实践教学改革

通过对《建筑工程测量》实践教学环节存在问题的分析,探讨了技能竞赛对教育教学的推动作用,并提出了促进实践教学理念创新、改善实践教学条件、改进和完善教学内容及考评体系等教学改革措施,以提高教学质量。     

技能大赛对高职工程测量教学改革的促进作用

以高职测量技能大赛为例,分析了测量教学中存在的问题,研究了技能大赛对课程标准修订、教学方法改革、教师工程实践和实训基地建设方面的推动作用,并给出了一些今后参赛的建议,为测量课程改革和技能竞赛提供了参考。     

公路工程投标报价技巧及目前存在问题的研究

总结了工作中运用勘察设计投标报价的技巧,介绍了投标报价应注意的事项,并对招投标工作中存在的相关问题进行了分析和研究,以促进勘察设计行业招投标工作的规范化。     

Invited review: A quarter of a century—International genetic evaluation of dairy sires using MACE methodology

For the past few decades, the international exchange of genetic materials has accelerated. This acceleration has been more substantial for dairy cattle compared with other species. The industry faced the need to put international genetic evaluation (IGE) systems in place. The Interbull Centre has been conducting IGE for various dairy cattle breeds and traits. This study reviews the past and the current status of IGE for dairy cattle, emphasizing the most prominent and well-established method of IGE, namely multiple across-country evaluation (MACE), and the challenges that should be addressed in the future of IGE. The first IGE methods were simple conversion equations. Only a limited number of common bulls between pairs of countries were considered. These bulls were a biased sample of highly selected animals, with their daughters under preferential treatment in the importing countries. Genetic relationships among animals were not considered either. The MACE method was the first IGE method based on mixed-model theory that could handle genotype by environment interaction (G × E) between countries. The G × E between countries is handled by treating the same trait in different countries as different traits, with genetic correlations less than unity between the traits. The G × E between countries is not solely due to different genetic expressions in different environments (countries), but is also attributable to different units or ways of measuring the trait, data editing, and statistical approaches and models used in different countries. The MACE method also considers different genetic means, genetic groups for unknown parents, heterogeneous genetic and residual variances among countries, and heterogeneous residual variances (precision weights for observations) within countries. Other IGE methods that came after MACE are rooted in MACE. The genomic revolution of the industry created new needs and opportunities. However, an unwanted aspect of it was genomic preselection bias. Genomic preselection causes directional information loss from pre-culled animals (bias) in statistical models for genetic and genomic evaluations, and preselected progeny of a mating are no longer a random sample of possible progeny from that mating. National genetic evaluations without genotypes are input to MACE, and biases in national evaluations are propagated internationally through MACE. Genomic preselection for the Holstein breed is a source of concern for introducing bias to MACE, especially when genomic preselection is practiced intensively in the population. However, MACE continues to be useful for other breeds, among other species, or for non-IGE purposes. Future methods will need to make optimum use of genomic information and be free of genomic preselection bias.