航天飞机薄壁结构的可靠性分析

对航天飞机结构常用的蒙皮骨架组成的薄壁结构,提出一种考虑损伤容限和耐久性设计要求的结构系统可靠性分析方法,以此为航天结构系统的可靠性设计提供参考.对加劲板进行可靠性分析,分析了3种主要破坏模式,得出了损伤容限设计要求下,失效模式表达式及失效概率;同时给出耐久性要求下的主要失效模式和失效概率;最后通过加劲板的损伤容限和耐久性分析及失效模式的相关性分析,得出加劲板结构系统的可靠性.分析结果表明:失效模式相关性对系统可靠度影响很大,因而航天飞机薄壁结构的可靠度计算的关键是损伤容限和耐久性失效模式及相关性分析,另外桁架的载荷集中系数对可靠性影响也必须引起重视.     

Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Polyimide Thin-film for High Wear Durability

In this paper, the influence of single walled carbon nano tubes (SWCNTs) addition on the tribological properties of the polyimide (PI) films on silicon substrate was studied. PI films, with and without SWCNTs, were spin coated onto the Si surface. Coefficient of friction and wear durability were characterized using a ball-on-disk tribometer by employing a 4 mm diameter Si₃N₄ ball sliding against the film, at a contact pressure of ∼370 MPa, and a sliding velocity of 0.042 ms⁻¹. Water contact angle, AFM topography, and nano-indentation tests were conducted to study the physical and mechanical properties of the films. SWCNTs marginally increased the water contact angle of PI film. The addition of SWCNTs to PI has increased the hardness and elastic modulus of pristine PI films by 60–70%. The coefficient of friction of PI films increased slightly (∼20%) after the addition of SWCNTs, whereas, there was at least two-fold increase in the wear life of the film based on the film failure condition of coefficient of friction higher than 0.3. However, the film did not show any sign of wear even after 100,000 cycles of rotation indicating its robustness. This increase in the wear durability due to the addition of the SWCNTs is believed to be because of the improvement in the load-bearing capacity of the composite film and sliding induced microstructural changes of the composite film.     

摩托车片式离合器性能综合测试系统

开发了摩托车片式离合器综合测试系统,详细介绍了测试系统的工作原理和技术特点.测试系统采用2台变频电机分别驱动,能够进行静摩擦力矩测量、动摩擦力矩测量,以及离合器分离过程试验, 提出了一种离合器的轴向压紧力的测量方法.利用磁粉制动器和惯性轮,分别模拟摩托车在4°35′坡道上、处于满载常用起步档时折算到离合器的坡道阻力矩和当量惯量,进行离合器耐久试验,试验表明,测试系统可靠性高,测量精度高.     

东华大桥主墩承台疏水化合孔栓物混凝土施工技术

介绍疏水化合孔栓成分的工作机理,结合其特征,在每立方米混凝土中掺入30L疏水化合孔栓成分,配制出东华大桥主墩承台大体积高性能防水抗腐蚀混凝土,采取循环冷却水管降温的方法确保了基础混凝土的施工质量,凝结后混凝土表现出的憎水性显著。     

湿热地区使用50年以上砌体建筑外墙砖耐久性研究

在湿热地区,对使用50年以上的砌体建筑外墙砖耐久性退化情况进行调查,发现外墙砖的耐久性能退化现象主要为砖表面风化严重及强度下降明显,其退化程度和时间无明显相关性,而是和使用形式及维护情况有关。     

闭环液压控制加快了汽车轮毂寿命测试

该文是对一台退役的汽车轮毂寿命测试设备进行数字化控制系统改造的成功案例的介绍。对退役或仍在使用中的老旧设备用数字控制器加传感器进行改造,是一个既能发挥老设备功能、节省地球资源,又能提高设备效率和精度的好办法。该文即展示了这样的一个实例。通过用DELTA运动控制器对该退役设备进行改造,成本只有新设备的25%,而取得的效果却不亚于新设备,是一个值得推广的方式。     

Durability of CFRP cables exposed to simulated concrete environments

One of the main causes of structural deficiency in concrete bridges is the deterioration of the constituent materials. Some transportation agencies have started exploring the use of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) as a corrosion-resistant alternative to steel prestressing materials for longer lasting concrete bridge structures. To implement CFRP in prestressed concrete bridge structures with more confidence, an understanding of the challenges pertaining to durability under in-service environmental conditions is essential. This paper explores the effects of temperature with alkaline and alkaline/chloride solutions on material properties over time, in the context of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures for transportation applications. The durability testing yielded several key findings: (1) higher temperatures accelerate degradation, (2) moisture sorption was the primary process responsible for the observed degradation, with plasticization and microcracking as the controlling mechanisms leading to fiber–matrix interfacial debonding, and (3) a relaxation-based analytical model was implemented to predict residual properties after environmental exposure, showing promising agreement with experimental data.     

Conducting carbon/polymer composites as a catalyst support for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Carbon/poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) (C/PEDOT) composites are synthesized by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of EDOT monomer on carbon black in order to decrease carbon corrosion that occurred in carbon‐supported catalysts used in proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The effects of different dopants including polystyrene sulfonic acid, p‐toluenesulfonic acid and camphorsulfonic acid with the addition of ethylene glycol or dimethyl sulfoxide on the properties of the composites are investigated. The synthesized composites are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, surface area analysis and scanning electron microscope. Electrical conductivity is determined by using the four‐point probe technique. Electrochemical oxidation characteristics of the synthesized C/PEDOT composites are investigated by cyclic voltammetry by applying 1.2 V for 24 h. The composite prepared at 25 °C with p‐toluenesulfonic acid and ethylene glycol shows the best carbon corrosion resistance. Platinum‐supported catalyst by using this composite was prepared using microwave irradiation technique, and it was seen that the prepared catalyst did not significantly lose its hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction activities after electrochemical oxidation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pd coated one-dimensional Ag nanostructures: Controllable architecture and their electrocatalytic performance for ethanol oxidation in alkaline media

One-dimensional (1D) metal-coated Pd structures are efficient catalysts for the ethanol electro-oxidation and promising strategy for minimizing the Pd-loading toward commercialization of direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs). Herein, the decorated and core-shell architectures of a novel Pd coating on Ag nanowires (PdAg-NWs) are controllable by a two-step polyol method based on the galvanic replacement reaction. The integration of uniform shell with a low Pd concentration and partial hollow structure onto 1D PdAg-NWs exhibits the highest efficiency for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in alkaline solution. In comparison with Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs/C), the PdAgNWs/C performes 11 times superior EOR activity, and the onset potential shifts 80 mV negatively. The presence of Ag in PdAg-NWs enhances the absorption capacity of ethanol molecules and hydroxyl ions on the active sites, and improves the catalyst tolerance to CO-like intermediates, making them a potential anodic catalyst for DEFCs.     

Utilisation of iron ore mine tailings for the production of geopolymer bricks

This study presents a methodology for making bricks, in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner, using the tailings produced from iron ore mines in Western Australia (WA). The study was based on the geopolymerisation process, which is known to conserve energy by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. The reduction is accomplished by avoiding the processes of high temperature kiln firing, traditionally utilised when making bricks from sandy soils with high clay content. In this study, the sodium silicate was added to the mine tailings in powder form, as an activator for the formulation of the geopolymer bricks. The effects of the initial setting time, curing temperature, curing time and activator content on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), water absorption and other durability properties of the bricks were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to investigate the phase composition of the geopolymer bricks. The bricks achieved an UCS as high as 50.53 MPa for the optimum values of the parameters. Technically, the geopolymer bricks that were produced met both the American Society of Testing and Materials and the Australian Standards (AS) requirements for bricks. A cost analysis of the geopolymer bricks is also presented, and this shows that the cost of geopolymer bricks is lower than that of the commercial, fired clay bricks.