基于合作博弈托盘租赁联盟收益分配的研究

在研究国内外相关研究现状的基础上,针对托盘租赁企业联盟情况下的分配问题进行分配策略研究.笔者通过引入Shapley值构造原理及AHP分析法,在分析托盘租赁联盟收益组成及盟员风险承担能力的同时,提出了基于可量化收益、不可量化收益及风险承担能力的收益分配模型,此种分配方案是实现个体理性与群体理性的保障,是联盟保持稳定的必要条件.最后通过算例分析,验证了这种分配方法的合理性.     

现行机制下汽车租赁业务的发展对策探究

汽车租赁是一种汽车所有权与使用权相分离的经营模式,一方面能有效够解决许多没有购车能力或者没有购车必要但又有用车需求客户的矛盾,另一方面也促进了汽车销售行业的发展。在国内,汽车租赁业虽然已经发展了20多年的时间,但和欧美发达国家的汽车租赁业务比较起来,还显得非常的稚嫩。究其原因,应该是一些综合因素的合力影响。文章将从汽车租赁业务发展的基本现状分析入手,探讨汽车租赁业务暴露出的突出问题及成因,并提出相应的解决对策,希望能对未来中国汽车租赁业务的健康发展提供一定的参考。     

Competitive Optimal On-Line Leasing

Consider an on-line player who needs some equipment (e.g., a computer) for an initially unknown number of periods. At the start of each period it is determined whether the player will need the equipment during the current period and the player has two options: to pay a leasing fee c and rent the equipment for the period, or to buy it for a larger amount P . The total cost incurred by the player is the sum of all leasing fees and perhaps one purchase. The above problem, called the leasing problem (in computer science folklore it is known as the ski-rental problem), has received considerable attention in the economic literature. Using the competitive ratio as a performance measure this paper is concerned with determining the optimal competitive on-line policy for the leasing problem. For the simplest version of the leasing problem (as described above) it is known and readily derived that the optimal deterministic competitive performance is achieved by leasing for the first k-1 times and then buying, where k = P/c . This strategy pays at most 2-1/k times the optimal off-line cost. When considering alternative financial transactions one must consider their net present value. Thus, accounting for the interest rate is an essential feature of any reasonable financial model. In this paper we determine both deterministic and randomized optimal on-line leasing strategies while accounting for the interest rate factor. It is shown here, for the leasing problem, that the interest rate factor reduces the uncertainty involved. We find that the optimal deterministic competitive ratio is 1 + (1+i)(1-1/k)(1 - k(i/1+i)) , a decreasing function of the interest i (for all reasonable values of i ). For some applications, realistic values of interest rates result in relatively low competitive ratios. By using randomization the on-line player can further boost up the performance. In particular, against an oblivious adversary the on-line player can attain a strictly smaller competitive ratio of 2 - ( (k/(k-1)) ^γ - 2 )/( (k/(k-1)) ^γ -1 ) where γ = ln ( 1 - k(1 - 1/(1+i)) ) / ln(1/(1+i)) . Here again, this competitive ratio strictly decreases with i . We also study the leasing problem against a distributional adversary called ``Nature.' This adversary chooses the probability distribution of the number of leasing periods and announces this distribution before the on-line player chooses a strategy. Although at the outset this adversary appears to be weaker than the oblivious adversary, it is shown that the optimal competitive ratio against Nature equals the optimal ratio against the oblivious adversary. Received October 8, 1997; revised February 8, 1998.     

考虑互惠利他偏好和政府补贴的绿色供应链最优决策研究

为了研究政府补贴、绿色供应链制造商及零售商的互惠利他偏好对双方定价策略、利润、产品绿色度及绿色供应链整体利润的影响,运用博弈理论结合数值仿真方法对4种决策情形下的绿色供应链成员最优策略进行了研究。结果表明,制造商或零售商单方面的互惠利他偏好均会降低自身利润,提高产品绿色度、对方利润及供应链整体利润,且当双方互惠利他程度相同时,零售商的互惠利他偏好更能有效提高产品绿色度;无论是制造商或零售商具有互惠利他偏好,政府增加补贴均会在一定程度上增强其互惠利他偏好对产品绿色度、对方利润及供应链整体利润的提升作用,但不同的是,当制造商具有互惠利他偏好时,政府增加补贴会在一定程度上加重其互惠利他偏好对其自身利润的损害作用,当零售商互惠利他时则不会出现这种情况。     

Determinant changes of consumer preference for NEVs in China: A comparison between 2012 and 2017

The Chinese government has enacted various incentives to promote the use of new energy vehicles (NEVs), mainly battery-electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles. In this study, we analyze whether consumer preferences for NEVs changed between 2012 and 2017 and explored explanatory factors through questionnaire surveys conducted in the two years. The comparative results revealed four main findings. First, consumer acceptance of NEVs increased substantially between 2012 and 2017. Second, factors such as economic benefits, performance attributes, environmental awareness, and government policies were important in determining consumer acceptance of NEVs in both 2017 and 2012. New factors, including infrastructure construction and social influence, were shown to have had significant impacts on NEV acceptance by potential purchasers in 2017. Third, government policies had the most significant direct impact on NEV acceptance in 2017. Fourth, the indirect effects of government policies on consumer acceptance of NEVs are not strong but statistically significant, via government-promoted environmental awareness functioning as a mediating mechanism.     

对白城市农村集体土地使用权流转的几点思考

农村集体土地在流转过程中,要明确土地使用权的5种形式即转包、转让、租赁、互换和入股,要按照法律规定,做好土地权属登记和土地权属变更登记,以维护土地使用权人的合法权益不受侵害。本文结合白城市集体土地流转方式,提出切实可行的对策,以利于农村集体土地的流转。     

分布式光伏发电经济性及政策分析

针对居民和工商业用户分布式光伏发电提出了经济性分析方法,对居民和工商业分布式光伏发电投资项目的经济指标进行了测算,并选取全国6个地区进行比较研究,分析了上网比例、电价、配套政策和太阳能资源等因素对分布式光伏发电经济性的影响。结果表明,居民和工商业分布式光伏发电系统在大部分地区的内部收益率能达到8%以上,静态投资回收期为5~11年,具有良好的经济性和较高的投资价值。对分布式光伏发电系统所发电量上网比例和年利用小时数进行敏感性分析,结果表明：上网比例越小,则内部收益率越高,静态投资回收期越短;年利用小时数则相反。最后,深入探讨了目前分布式光伏发电推广应用中存在的问题,提出了完善配套政策的对策和建议。     

网上房屋租赁系统的设计与开发

文中讨论了现有的网上房屋租赁的现状,分析了其中存在的问题,提出以HTML＋JavaScript＋JSP技术为基础,研究开发一种功能齐全、针对性强的网上房屋租赁系统。该系统在开发中采用管理员和普通会员分别登陆的方法,分模块完成整个设计流程。针对某一地区的房屋租赁中介机构设计了试验网站。经试验表明该网站安装简单快捷、模块清晰、功能全面、稳定性高、信息量大等优点,具有很强的实用性和操作性。     

Financial Management in Public Housing Companies as Related to the Negotiating Process in Sweden

Social programmes tend to have some element of housing in their structure, and recent downward global trends have made studies popular that compare programmes or analyse changes. Within this context, the Swedish system has received attention because of its apparent long-term viability. Rents in this system are set through a negotiation process with tenant organisations, and this paper describes the process because it affects the financial condition of the housing. An ordinary least squares analysis of financial information has been made with regard to revenue generation capabilities, and the first difference results are discussed in terms of the negotiation process in the system. Those numbers suggest the system is improving revenue generation, but not operating profit.