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??Due to downhole complexities, shale-gas horizontal well fracturing in the Sichuan Basin suffered from casing deformation and failure to apply the technique of cable-conveyed perforation bridge plug. In view of these problems, a new technique of staged volume fracturing with temporary plugging by sand filling is employed. Based on theoretical analyses and field tests, a design of optimized parameters of coiled tubing multi-cluster sand-blasting perforation and temporary plugging by sand filling was proposed. It was applied in the horizontal Well ZJ-1 in which casing deformation occurred. The following results are achieved in field operations. First, this technique enables selective staged fracturing in horizontal sections. Second, this technique can realize massive staged fracturing credibly without mechanical plugging, with the operating efficiency equivalent to the conventional bridge plug staged fracturing. Third, full-hole is preserved after fracturing, thus it is possible to directly conduct an open flow test without time consumption of a wiper trip. The staged volume fracturing with temporary plugging by sand filling facilitated the 14-stage fracturing in Well ZJ-1, with similar SRV to that achieved by conventional bridge plug staged fracturing and higher gas yield than neighboring wells at the same platform. Thus, a new and effective technique is presented in multi-cluster staged volume fracturing of shale gas horizontal wells.     

高精度河砂同期展示的关键技术与应用效果

油田开发阶段,同期展示河、砂、泥的关系对于理清砂体的内部结构、点砂坝之间的关系及部署注采井位都非常重要。文中以渤海海域A油田B砂层为靶区,使用90°相移数据体,在多种刻画河道、砂体算法优选的基础上,实现河砂数据体融合,并展示河、砂、泥同期关系。通过与井资料结合研究证实,数据体反映的河、砂、泥关系等与井数据吻合。运用该方法,研究了河道发育演化、点砂坝内部结构,实现了从成因、过程视角来恢复和重建曲流河道历史演化过程,为剩余油的挖潜及高产调整井的部署提供了有力依据。     

印尼油砂油热转化改质降黏研究

采用高压釜作为减黏反应器对印尼油砂油进行减黏改质处理,考察反应温度为380~440℃、反应时间为5~60min条件下的减黏率、结焦率和反应深度。结果表明,在反应温度为420℃、反应时间为30min的条件下,结焦率为0.91%,产品油50℃动力黏度为395mPa·s,减黏率为99.62%。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西北部长9储层沉积特征及地质意义

综合分析岩心、测井与分析化验等测试结果,认为鄂尔多斯盆地西北部长9储层沉积期整体处于水上沼泽环境,主要发育辫状河三角洲平原亚相,沉积受西北和东北两个物源体系控制,以西北物源为主。岩石学研究表明,长9油层砂岩类型主要为长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩,成分成熟度较低,结构成熟度中等;受沉积影响,长9沉积砂体在纵向上结构表现为无粒序变化均一型和复合粒序型两种特征,分流河道微相为主要储集体,易于石油聚集成藏。     

沉积相控制下致密砂岩气藏分布特征——以四川盆地川西坳陷中段蓬莱镇组为例

针对致密砂岩气藏受沉积相影响控制作用不明晰的情况,综合利用野外露头、岩心分析化验、测井和地震等资料,对川西坳陷中段蓬莱镇组沉积相进行了深入研究,最后探讨了沉积相对致密砂岩气藏的控制作用。研究表明：蓬莱镇组可以划分为2个长期、4个中期及29个短期旋回;蓬莱镇组沉积体主要受来自北西部的龙门山短轴物源控制为主,东部长轴物源次之;从龙门山前至成都凹陷区依次发育冲积扇、冲积平原、辫状河三角洲和湖泊相等沉积体系,东部主要为一套河流相沉积体系;蓬莱镇组含气砂体主要分布在西部三角洲平原、前缘（水下）分流河道、河口坝砂体和东部的河道边滩和心滩砂体中,呈不连续条带状分布;有利的含气圈闭主要受砂体叠置关系与构造或斜坡背景联合控制。     

冲砂分流封隔器结构设计及分析

油井出砂是油田开采中后期常见的问题,出砂后不仅会磨蚀井下设备,也会砂埋油层,造成油井停产,危害极大。针对目前常规冲砂技术具有皮碗磨损严重,作业管柱摩阻大等问题,研制了一种可应用于冲砂洗井作业的分流封隔器,并从结构设计、工作原理及密封性能等方面进行了分析。该工具自身设计分流通道,满足正、反循环要求,且皮碗可多次收缩、张开,能够有效降低管柱摩阻,减少作业风险,应用前景广阔。     

利用洛河水沙资源改善沙苑地区生态环境的探讨

在分析沙苑地区农田现状和洛河水沙资源特性基础上,提出利用引洪淤灌技术引取洛河高含沙水淤灌,从而改良沙苑的土质和提高土壤肥力,并从工程技术和改良效果等方面全面分析了改良沙苑地区土质和生态环境,从而达到充分利用水沙资源综合治理和改善生态环境的目的。     

An evaluation of enhanced oil recovery strategies for a heavy oil reservoir after cold production with sand

Cold heavy oil production with sand (CHOPS) is the process of choice for unconsolidated heavy oil reservoirs with relatively high gas content. The key challenge of CHOPS is that the recovery factor tends to be between 5% and 15%, implying that the majority of the oil remains in the ground after the process is rendered uneconomic. Continued cold production (without sands) is not productive for a post‐CHOPS reservoir because of the low oil saturation and depleted reservoir pressure in the wormhole regions. There is a need to develop viable recovery processes for post‐CHOPS reservoirs. Here, different follow‐up processes are examined for a post‐CHOPS heavy oil reservoir. In post‐CHOPS cold water flooding, severe water channeling is ineffective at displacing high viscosity heavy oil. Hot water flooding improves the sweep efficiency and produces more oil compared with cold water flooding. However, the swept region is limited to the domain between the neighboring wormhole networks, and the energy efficiency of the process is relatively poor. Compared with the hot water flooding case, steam flooding achieves higher oil production rates and lower water use. A cyclic steam stimulation strategy achieves the best performance regarding oil production rates and water usage. Based on our results, it is observed that thermally based techniques alone are not capable to recover the oil economically for post‐CHOPS reservoirs. However, it is suggested that techniques with combined use of thermal energy and solvent could potentially yield efficient oil recovery methods for these reservoirs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

挟沙水流中沙粒对底壁湍流猝发的影响

本文在常规的边界层方程中保留了法向压力梯度项和增加了固粒对流体的使用项，结合Ｂａｔｃｈｅｏｌｒ对交界面提供的分析方法和小扰动稳定性理论，由理论分析和计算得到了包括沙粒之类的悬浮体的尺寸，比重，流动Ｒｅ数，两相速度差以及扰动波数与水流底壁湍流猝发角的关系，计算结果与Ｒａｓｈｉｄｉ等的实验结果相符。文中所得结果有助于进一步了解江河底部水流的流动特性以及泥沙的沉积和输运机理。     

纳米硅溶胶加固粉质砂土的性能研究

粉质砂土具有富含微细孔隙的特点,导致对其进行注浆加固较为困难。在传统注浆加固材料的基础上,引入纳米硅溶胶,研究纳米硅溶胶对粉质砂土加固的影响。以纳米硅溶胶加固粉质砂土为研究对象,通过注浆效果对比试验、无侧限抗压强度实验、渗透实验、SEM扫描电镜分析等试验方法,比较不同养护环境及龄期加固土力学性能。结果表明：纳米硅溶胶注浆性能相对与传统注浆材料能快速有效地渗入土体对土粒进行胶结,对孔隙进行封堵。通过设置干燥空气和水两种养护环境养护后进行相应力学试验及抗渗冲刷试验,结果发现：当填充率为25%时,纳米硅溶胶加固土强度最大可提高至280—290 kPa,连续水流冲刷下抗渗时间扩展至340 h。此外,比较不同养护环境及龄期的加固土组成成分及结构特征发现,水养护下加固土结构更为完整,孔隙更少。因此,纳米硅溶胶在富水地区对加固粉质砂土具有更大的优势。