北京城市大气高含氧有机分子的定量测量 #br#

大气高含氧有机分子是二次有机气溶胶的重要前体物。使用气态硫酸分子作为大气高含氧有机分子的替代 物评估其在硝酸根-大气常压界面化学电离飞行时间质谱离子化过程中的电离效率, 并基于高分辨率差分电迁移率粒 径谱仪串联飞行时间质谱建立了质谱传输效率的矫正方法, 从而建立了大气高含氧有机分子的半定量方法。在此基 础上开展了北京冬季大气高含氧有机分子的外场观测, 识别了约一百一十个大气高含氧有机分子, 表征了它们的浓度 变化趋势和化学组成特征。研究发现羟基自由基在大气高含氧有机分子生成过程中具有重要作用, 而氮氧化合物也 会参与其中。从挥发性分布看, 该地区冬季高含氧有机分子中归于极低挥发性有机化合物 (ELVOC) 的最多, 低挥发性 有机化合物 (LVOC) 次之, 表明该地区大气高含氧有机分子在大气颗粒物上的凝结对二次有机气溶胶的形成具有重要 贡献。     

Chicken breast quality – normal,pale, soft and exudative (PSE) and woody – influences the functional properties of meat batters

Three classes (normal, PSE‐like and woody, thirty for per class) of fresh chicken breast meats were selected from a Chinese processing plant. Then, three classes of chicken breast meats were used to prepare meat batters and meatballs. This study investigated the effects of three classes of chicken breast meat on the physicochemical properties, water distribution, protein secondary structures and microstructures of meatballs. PSE‐like and woody meatballs both had lower water holding capacity and textural properties than normal meatballs. Furthermore, the free water mobility and proportion in PSE‐like and woody meatballs were increased (P < 0.05). According to near‐infrared spectroscopy results, the intensity of the 1940‐nm bands of PSE‐like and woody classes both increased. Both PSE‐like and woody meatballs formed more aggregated gel matrices than normal class. PSE‐like and woody classes had higher α‐helix and lower β‐structure contents (P < 0.05). Overall, compared with normal meatballs, PSE‐like and woody meatballs showed inferior functional properties.     

Research on resistance characteristics of secondary air damper and nozzle in pulverized coal boiler

This article provides an industrial application method for monitoring and regulating the secondary air through the burner nozzle of a tangentially fired boiler. A geometric model from the inlet of the damper to the burner nozzle was established, which divides the grid for numerical calculation of the flow field to get the drag coefficients of the nozzle and damper under different opening ratios of the damper. In the range of 20–70% opening, the damper has perfect regulation performance, which has the main resistance comparing with that of nozzle. The disc-type damper has a slightly larger resistance than that of the splayed one. A precise corresponding function relationship between the opening ratio and the gas flow rate was established, and base on which, an exact control method on the secondary air damper was proposed. The result can apply to the intelligent transformation of thermal power plants to save energy and reduce consumption.     

等级反馈蚁群算法求解成品油二次配送问题

针对成品油二次配送路径优化问题，提出了一种可变成本与动态载荷相关的评价指标。考虑蚁群算法求解路径优化问题的高效性，设计了一种等级反馈蚁群（HFAC）算法。采用局部距离等级策略代替基本蚁群算法的随机选取；利用较优（较差）个体对其所在路线进行正（负）反馈调整信息素浓度；对最优路线的子路线进行末端优化调整。通过15组不同类型算例进行仿真实验表明，HFAC算法在成品油二次配送路径优化中优于基本蚁群算法。     

Turbulent heat transfer characteristics of supercritical n‐decane in a vertical tube under various operating pressures

To explore the effect of the operating pressure on the flow and thermal characteristics in a vertical tube with supercritical n‐decane, the inner wall temperature along the streamwise direction, the applicability of empirical correlations and buoyancy criteria are studied firstly. The mechanisms in views of density distribution, velocity field, turbulence intensity, the thickness of the thermal boundary layer, and secondary flow are then analyzed. It is observed that the buoyancy is helpful for the phenomenon of heat transfer deterioration at lower operating pressures but higher operating pressures can diminish this tendency. According to this reason, the empirical correlation proposed by Bae and Kim is suitable for the higher operating pressures but cannot well predict the occurrence of heat transfer deterioration. However, it can be evaluated by the buoyancy criterion Gr/Re² = 0.01 qualitatively. The decrease of turbulence intensity, the thickened thermal boundary layer, and secondary flow generation make contributions to the heat transfer deterioration in particular. Similarly, this situation can be diminished and even removed by the higher operating pressures.     

Damage propagation and strength prediction of a single-lap interference-fit laminate structure

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering - Experimental and finite element research was conducted on the bolted interference fit of a single-lap laminated structure to reveal the damage propagation...     

Metastatic cancer cell attachment to endothelium is promoted by endothelial glycocalyx sialic acid degradation

While it is known that cancer cell interactions with vascular endothelial cells (ECs) drive metastatic cancer cell extravasation from blood vessels into secondary tumor sites, the mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that neuraminidase-induced degradation of EC surface glycocalyx (GCX), particularly the sialic acid (SA) residue components of the GCX, will substantially increase metastatic cancer cell attachment to ECs. To our knowledge, our study is the first to isolate the role of GCX SA residues in cancer cell attachment to the endothelium, which were found to be differentially affected by the presence of neuraminidase and to indeed regulate metastatic cancer cell homing to ECs. We hope that this work will eventually translate to identification of EC GCX-based cancer markers that can be therapeutically targeted to hinder the progression of metastasis.     

Slag eye formation in single and dual bottom purged industrial steelmaking ladles

ABSTRACT

Argon gas is often injected from the bottom of the ladle during steel refining operations. The injected gas interacts with the liquid (metal and slag) bath and enhances the momentum, heat, and mass transfer rate in the melt. However, during these gas–liquid interactions, an opening of the slag layer called slag eye is formed, which exposes the molten metal surface to the atmosphere, which is generally undesirable. In the current work, a transient, three-dimensional mathematical model is used to study the turbulent gas–liquid interactions in single as well as dual bottom blown industrial steelmaking ladles. A Coupled Level Set Volume of Fluid (CLSVOF) model is used for tracking the steel-argon, steel-slag, and argon-slag interfaces, from which the slag-eye area has been predicted. It is found that the inlet gas purging rate, melt height, slag layer thickness, angular and radial positions of the gas inlets affect the slag opening area. Non-dimensional empirical correlations are proposed to predict the slag opening area in both single as well as dual purged ladles, using non-linear regression analysis.