超磁致伸缩换能器谐振频率自动跟踪方法

为了能有效地减小换能器的体积,实现同位控制及对换能器工作频率的自动调节,提高换能器的工作效率,提出了超磁致伸缩换能器的谐振频率自动跟踪方法。根据超磁致伸缩材料压磁方程,建立了超磁致伸缩换能器速度、阻抗及所受外力的自感知模型;分析了利用感知阻抗自动搜索谐振频率的工作原理,在无需安装检测谐振频率传感器的条件下,实现换能器谐振工作点的自感知,并能方便、快速地自动跟踪系统的谐振频率。在研制的实验装置上,比较分析了扫频方式和搜索感知阻抗方式跟踪谐振频率的一致性,验证了换能器谐振频率自动跟踪方法的可行性与正确性。     

永磁同步电机转子位置及速度提取灰色预测法

针对永磁同步电机的调速及伺服运行状态具有较强周期性与规律性的特点,提出了基于灰色系统预测理论的电机转子位置和速度自检测方法.通过相关因子序列的灰色关联度分析,确定了转子位置及速度的有效预测因子:即磁链-电流-转子位置角关系曲线及反电势-电压有效值-转子速度关系曲线,转子位置的预测采用等间隔的5条关系曲线,建立了等间隔GM(1,1)预测模型,而转子速度的预测根据低速及中高速范围确定为非等间距的8条关系曲线,建立了非等间隔GM(1,1)预测模型.将此预测方法用于永磁同步电机的矢量控制当中,仿真及实验表明状态估计准确、参数变化鲁棒性强,控制系统具有优良的静态和动态性能.     

超磁致伸缩振动器谐振频率自感知机理研究

振动系统工作在谐振频率处则其工作效率最高,但由于受到负载、温度等因素的影响,其谐振频率往往会发生漂移,为了实现对振动系统工作频率的自动调节,提高系统的工作效率,提出采用搜索振动系统速度阻抗的方法,在无需安装检测谐振频率传感器的条件下,实现振动系统谐振工作点的自感知,并能快速、方便地自动跟踪系统的谐振频率。设计了超磁致伸缩振动器,并给出了振动器机械阻抗的表达式;在分析超磁致伸缩材料磁-机耦合关系的基础上,建立了超磁致伸缩振动系统的速度、阻抗及所受外力的自感知模型;在研制的实验系统上,验证了振动系统谐振频率自感知方法的可行性与正确性。     

卡尔曼滤波用于低速下PMSM检测转子位置

将卡尔曼滤波理论和高频信号注入法结合起来,利用高频信号注入法检测电机凸极效应跟踪转子位置,设计卡尔曼位置观测器,消除系统噪声和测量噪声的影响,来准确观测低速及零速情况下无位置传感器永磁同步电机的转子位置。通过仿真验证表明,在有系统噪声和测量噪声的情况下,基于卡尔曼位置观测器的脉动高频信号注入法能够有效去除干扰噪声,精确地跟踪转子位置。     

Piezoresistive effect of plain-weave CFRP fabric subjected to cyclic loading

The present study deals with electrical resistance changes in woven-fabric CFRP during loading. Four kinds of plain weave woven-fabric CFRP laminated specimens are prepared and subjected to cyclic tensile loading that does not cause any damages, and the electrical resistance changes of the specimens are measured experimentally by the four-probe method. As a result, the present study shows that the electrical resistance of a specimen comprised of six ±45° plies decreases remarkably with increasing number of loading cycles. The decrease is caused by shear plastic deformation of ±45° plies. The thickness shrinkage caused by shear plastic deformation increases the number of fiber contacts, and this decreases the interlaminar contact resistance between the plies. For a single ±45° ply, the same electrical resistance decrease caused by the shear plastic deformation is observed, and the magnitude of the decrease is smaller than that of the six-ply laminate tested. This is because the effect of interlaminar contact resistance decrease does not exist for a single ±45° ply. For the six 0°/90° plies, the present study shows that electrical resistance in the through-thickness direction is decreased by out-of-plane plastic deformation of carbon fiber and misalignment of the plies.     

超磁致伸缩执行器自感知机理研究

为了能有效地减小微器件的体积并实现同位控制，提出了超磁致伸缩执行器同时作为执行器和传感器的自感知工作原理. 分析了超磁致伸缩执行器作为双向换能器的自感知物理基础，以此建立了执行器和传感器的能量耦合模型. 根据磁致伸缩材料的压磁方程，并结合励磁线圈的截面积、匝数及磁致伸缩棒的截面积、长度、弹性模量、压磁系数等，推导了感知力和感知速度的计算方法. 提出了利用桥路法在强驱动信号的背景下提取感知信号的方法，在研制的执行器自感知实验系统上，验证了力感知和速度感知方法的有效性     

DC electric polarization of cured cement paste being unexpectedly hindered by free water

Electric polarization is basic to the dielectric behavior, which is pertinent to the science and applications of cement-based materials. This work reports the dynamics of the DC-current-induced electric polarization/depolarization of cured cement paste and their dependence on the water/cement ratio. This dependence has not been previously reported for any cement-based material. The extent of the polarization is unexpectedly found in this work to decrease as the water/cement ratio increases, indicating that the free water hinders the polarization. This hindrance is due to (i) the dominance of ions behind the polarization (as supported by the previously reported increase in permittivity with increasing temperature), and (ii) the polar water molecules partly shielding the ions from the applied electric field. The fraction of ions in the pore solution that participates in the polarization increases with the polarization time and is 4.5 × 10^-14 for 570 s of polarization at a current of 1 μA for water/cement ratio 0.35. Upon increasing the water/cement ratio (0.3–0.4), the polarization rate decreases, the polarization extent at a given polarization time decreases, and the time to reach polarization saturation decreases. The polarization/depolarization rate decreases as the current application progresses because the polarization/depolarization hinders further polarization/depolarization. The degree of this hindrance increases with increasing water/cement ratio. Thus, a higher water/cement ratio is preferred if less polarization is desired as in resistance-based self-sensing, whereas a lower water/cement ratio is preferred if more polarization is desired as in capacitance-based self-sensing.     

磁悬浮开关磁阻电机径向位移自检测

针对传统位移传感器灵敏度容易受温度和电磁噪声干扰,增大电机体积和结构复杂度等问题,在研究磁悬浮开关磁阻电机转矩绕组和悬浮力绕组之间互感与转子径向位移非线性关系的基础上,研究了一种实用的转子径向位移自检测方法。具体做法是:将一高频测试电流注入转矩绕组,然后在悬浮绕组端电压中滤出由该测试电流引起的互感电压,解调后提取出直流部分,再经简单数学处理后即可得到转子的径向位移。该方法无需专用的位移传感器,简单易行,可以减小电机尺寸,并提高系统的可靠性。仿真及dSPACE平台的实验结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

基于自感知执行器原理的调谐滤波器

根据自感知执行器的工作原理,利用一只变压器完成谐波检测和抑制两种功能,处于正常工作状态时可实现谐波抑制,处于非正常工作状态时不致放大谐波。首先对工频信号进行数字采样,再利用自相关函数法结合递推最小二乘估计工频信号的频率,再根据该频率产生反向抑制谐波,来抑制当前谐波。为实时调整各次反向抑制谐波的权重,根据当前时刻的谐波抑制的结果,采取最小均方自适应算法来更新权重。模拟试验表明,该调谐滤波器具有良好的控制特性。     

压电自感知柔性悬臂梁振动控制系统研究

将压电悬臂梁系统离散化的状态空间方程作为预测模型,设计了预测函数控制器.采用电桥电路法分离出压电自感知执行器的感知信号,经过预测函数控制器处理后输出的控制信号作用于自感知执行器,产生相应的执行力来抑制悬臂梁的振动,从而达到振动控制的目的.仿真结果表明,所设计的振动控制系统对柔性悬臂梁振动抑制是非常有效的.